Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39988643›Full record

ArticleWorld journal of pediatrics : WJP2025

Development and validation of the Parent-Reported Indicator of Developmental Evaluation for Chinese Children (PRIDE) tool.

Sai-Shuang Wu, Hao Pan, Radley Christopher Sheldrick, Jie Shao, Xiu-Mei Liu, Shuang-Shuang Zheng, Sergio Miguel Pereira Soares, Lan Zhang, Jin Sun, Ping Xu and 8 more

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in World journal of pediatrics : WJP, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Sai-Shuang WuDepartment of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Hao PanDepartment of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Radley Christopher SheldrickRadley Christopher Sheldrick, University of Massachusetts, Shrewsbury, MA, USA.
Jie ShaoDepartment of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
Xiu-Mei LiuDevelopmental and Behavior Pediatrics Department, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
Shuang-Shuang ZhengDepartment of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
Sergio Miguel Pereira SoaresMax Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Lan ZhangSchool of Medicine, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Jin SunDalian Women and Children's Medical Group, Dalian, China.
Ping XuJiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China.
Shao-Hong ChenJiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China.
Tao SunShanghai Children's Medical Center, Hainan Branch, Sanya, China.
Jin-Wen PangSchool of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Ning WuShenzhen Xinzhi Institute of Psychological Assessment Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Yuan-Cong FengShenzhen Xinzhi Institute of Psychological Assessment Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Na-Ren ChenShenzhen Xinzhi Institute of Psychological Assessment Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Yun-Ting ZhangChild Health Advocacy Institute, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China. edwinazhang@hotmail.com.
Fan JiangDepartment of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Child Brain and Development, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China. fanjiang@shsmu.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 823B2087National Natural Science Foundation of China U23A20170Shanghai Key Laboratory of Child Brain and Development 24dz2260100Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Child NeurologicalShanghai Municipal Health Commission GWVI-11.2-XD16Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Intervention ProjectShanghai Municipal Health Commission Psychological Development Screening
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDevelopmental delay (DD) poses challenges to children's overall development, necessitating early detection and intervention. Existing screening tools in China focus mainly on children with developmental issues in two or more domains, diagnosed as global developmental delay (GDD). However, the recent rise of early childhood development (ECD) concepts has expanded the focus to include not only those with severe brain development impairments but also children who lag in specific domains due to various social-environmental factors, with the aim of promoting positive development through active intervention. To support this approach, corresponding screening tools need to be developed.

methodsThe current study used a two-phase design to develop and validate the Parent-Reported Indicator of Developmental Evaluation for Chinese Children (PRIDE) tool. In Phase 1, age-specific milestone forms for PRIDE were created through a survey conducted in urban and rural primary care clinics across four economic regions in China. In Phase 2, PRIDE was validated in a community-based sample. Sensitivity and specificity of both PRIDE and Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ)-3 were estimated using inverse probability weights (IPW) and multiple imputation (MI) to address planned and unplanned missing data.

resultsIn Phase 1 involving a total of 1160 participants aged 1 to 48 months, 63 items were selected from the initial item pool to create 10 age-specific PRIDE forms. Our Phase 2 study included 777 children within the same age range. PRIDE demonstrated an estimated sensitivity and specificity of 83.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 56.8%-100.0%] and 84.9% (95% CI: 82.8%-86.9%) in the identification of DD.

conclusionThe findings suggest that PRIDE holds promise as a sensitive tool for detecting DD in community settings.

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentDevelopmental DisabilitiesMass ScreeningParentsChild, PreschoolChinaEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansInfantMaleReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and SpecificitySurveys and QuestionnairesCommunity sampleDevelopmental delayDevelopment and validationEarly childhood developmentScreening tool

Identifiers

PMID39988643

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.