ArticleEBioMedicine2025
Development and validation of a quantitative Orthopoxvirus immunoassay to evaluate and differentiate serological responses to Mpox infection and vaccination.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- In Silico Design and Computational Characterization of Novel Chimeric Multiepitope Antigens for Mpox Serosurveillance: An Immunoinformatics Approach.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Differentiating mpox infection and vaccination using a validated multiplex orthopoxvirus IgG serology assay.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Serological evidence uncovers undocumented mpox exposure in febrile patients in Nigeria.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Serological differentiation between Mpox infection and vaccine-induced immunity: a mini-review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Machine learning-supported framework for the classification of mpox infection and MVA immunization from multiplexed serology data.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Developing accessible and affordable tests to support mpox immunosurveillance and vaccine studies.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Diagnostic Advances and Public Health Challenges for Monkeypox Virus: Clade-Specific Insight and the Urgent Need for Rapid Testing in Africa.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Serological differentiation between naturally acquired mpox and MVA-BN-vaccine induced antibody responses using ratios of MPXV and VACV antigen pairs in the MSD immunoassay.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Antibody Responses are Sustained 2 Years Post-Mpox Infection but not Following Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic Vaccination.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Immune Response to MVA-BN Vaccination for Mpox: Current Evidence and Future Directions.Vaccines · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Mpox outbreak, caused by Monkeypox virus (MPXV), underscores the need for a serological assay to assess Mpox immunity. Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine, an attenuated vaccinia virus (VACV), is authorised for Mpox prevention. We aimed to develop a quantitative immunoassay to differentiate infection- and vaccination-induced immunity and explore serological responses to Mpox infection and vaccination.
methodsWe evaluated an electrochemiluminescence assay targeting IgG to 10 MPXV and 3 VACV antigens in plasma from adults in a cohort study with previous Mpox, MVA-vaccination, or historical controls. Sensitivity and specificity to distinguish i) seropositive versus naive and ii) infection- versus vaccination-induced seropositivity were determined using ROC curves. Antibody kinetics were analysed with generalised additive models.
findingsEight of the thirteen IgG antibodies showed significant titre differences across groups identifying three key antigens: MPXVB6R, MPXVA27L, and VACVB5. A VACVB5 IgG titre of 0.082 IgG normalised units (nu) offered 74% (95% CI: 59-82%) sensitivity and 81% (73-96%) specificity for previous antigen exposure (infection or vaccine). For infection alone, an MPXVB6R IgG titre of 0.075 IgGnu provided 89% (82-98%) sensitivity and 94% (86-100%) specificity. To differentiate infection from vaccination-induced seropositivity, the sum of MPXVA27L IgG and the B6R/VACVB5 ratio provided 89% (80-96%) sensitivity and 80% (74-84%) specificity. VACVB5 IgG titres declined over time, with higher titres post-Mpox than post-vaccination (p < 0.0001).
interpretationThis assay demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity in quantifying and differentiating between antibody responses to Mpox infection and vaccination. Post-Mpox antibody responses were higher than post-vaccination, though both waned over time.
fundingHealth Research Board (MONKEYVAX-2022-1), University College Dublin School of Medicine.
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