Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39987048›Full record

ArticleBMC anesthesiology2025

Comparison of postoperative pain severity between primary and repeated cesarean section: a prospective cohort study.

Zemedkun Getahun, Mebratu Kebede, Mebratu Tilla, Gedion Asnak, Margherita Iuzzolino, Alemu Urmale, Hailemariam Getachew, Abebayehu Zemedkun, Tsegaye Demeke, Milion Abdi and 2 more

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC anesthesiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Zemedkun GetahunDepartment of Anesthesia, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
Mebratu KebedeSchool of Anesthesia, Wolaita Soddo University, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia. kemebratu12@gmail.com.
Mebratu TillaSchool of Anesthesia, Wolaita Soddo University, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
Gedion AsnakSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Margherita IuzzolinoDepartment of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Padua University, Padua, Italy.
Alemu UrmaleSchool of Anesthesia, Wolaita Soddo University, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
Hailemariam GetachewSchool of Anesthesia, Wolaita Soddo University, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
Abebayehu ZemedkunSchool of Anesthesia, Wolaita Soddo University, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
Tsegaye DemekeSchool of Anesthesia, Wolaita Soddo University, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
Milion AbdiSchool of Anesthesia, Wolaita Soddo University, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
Ashagire SintayehuSchool of Anesthesia, Wolaita Soddo University, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
Getahun DendirSchool of Anesthesia, Wolaita Soddo University, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe cesarean section was associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain. Uncertain differences exist between parturient who undergo a primary cesarean section and a repeat cesarean section in terms of post-operative pain.

objectiveTo compare the degree of postoperative pain in patients who had primary and repeat cesarean sections.

methodAn institutional-based prospective cohort study was conducted on 336 patients who fulfilled eligibility criteria and underwent caesarian section under spinal anesthesia. Study participants were selected by a systematic random sampling technique. An independent sample t test and a Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare symmetric and asymmetric data, respectively. Time to first analgesic request was analyzed using log rank Kaplan-Meier survival curves and cox-regression for covariates. Comparisons of categorical variables between groups were done using the chi-square test. The significance was determined at a P value of < 0.05.

resultsThere was a high Risk of moderate to severe postoperative pain in repeated caesarean section compared to primary caesarean section in both incisional pain (RR, 1.364[95% CI, 1.12-1.66], p = 0.002) and visceral pain (RR, 1.66[95% CI, 1.40-1.66], p = 0.001). In comparison to the primiparas, parturient with repeated cesarean sections had highest post-operative pain severity in NRS with median NRS of 5(IQR, 3-5) at the 4th hour (p < 0.001) for the incisional pain and 6(IQR, 5-7) at the 8th hour for visceral pain, respectively, for the repeated group. The primiparas group had a longer median time to first rescue analgesic administration (median [minute], 875.7[95% CI, 750.3-1001]; P < 0.001)) than the repeated group (median [minute], 534.8 [95% CI, 426.8-642.8]; P < 0.001.

conclusionsCompared to primary CS, repeated cesarean had a high incidence of moderate to severe postoperative pain, both visceral and incisional; within 48-h. In future endeavors of crafting postoperative analgesic plans, it is imperative to take into account individual variations and distinctions.

Indexed as

Cesarean SectionCesarean Section, RepeatPostoperative PainAdultAnesthesia, SpinalCohort StudiesFemaleHumansPain MeasurementPregnancyProspective StudiesSeverity of Illness IndexCaesarean SectionParturientPostoperative painPrimaryRepeated

Identifiers

PMID39987048
PMCPMC11846434

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.