ArticleFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology2025
Fructose induces inflammatory activation in macrophages and microglia through the nutrient-sensing ghrelin receptor.
Article in FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ghrelin Alleviates Aging-Related Cognitive Impairment by Regulating Autophagy-Related Signaling via the SHBG/JNK1/Beclin1 Axis in Microglia.Aging cell · 2026Article
- GHSR suppression in neurons protects against aging-associated metabolic and cognitive impairments.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Myeloid GHSR Deficiency Protects Against Endotoxemia via Macrophage Mitochondrial Reprogramming.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Hijacking Sodium-Glucose Cotransporters: Fructose Drives Neuronal and Microglial Dysfunction.ASN neuro · 2026Article
- The brain's sweet spot: why microglia can run on fructose metabolism.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- GHSR and TLR4 collectively promote hepatic inflammation and aberrant repair in alveolar echinococcosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- High-Fructose Corn Syrup on Inflammation and Cancer.World journal of oncology · 2025Review
- Beyond Hunger: The Structure, Signaling, and Systemic Roles of Ghrelin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Fructose induces inflammatory activation in macrophages and microglia through the nutrient-sensing ghrelin receptor.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a commonly used sweetener in soft drinks and processed foods, and HFCS exacerbates inflammation when consumed in excess. Fructose, a primary component of HFCS; however, it is unclear whether fructose directly activates inflammatory signaling. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is a receptor of the nutrient-sensing hormone ghrelin. We previously reported that GHSR ablation mitigates HFCS-induced inflammation in adipose tissue and liver, shifting macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory spectrum. Since inflammation is primarily governed by innate immune cells, such as macrophages in the peripheral tissues and microglia in the brain, this study aims to investigate whether GHSR autonomously regulates pro-inflammatory activation in macrophages and microglia upon fructose exposure. GHSR deletion mutants of RAW 264.7 macrophages and the immortalized microglial cell line (IMG) were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. After treating the cells with equimolar concentrations of fructose or glucose for 24 h, fructose increased mRNA and protein expression of GHSR and pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il1β, Il6, and Tnfα) in both macrophages and microglia, suggesting that fructose activates Ghsr and induces inflammation directly in macrophages and microglia. Remarkably, GHSR deletion mutants (Ghsr
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.