SynthesisBMC cancer2025
Risk factors for malignant solid pulmonary nodules: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Incidence and risk factors for malignancy in patients with incidental solitary pulmonary nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis of the clinical value of multidisciplinary team-based multimodal interventions in pulmonary nodule management.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Micro-CT dynamic changes and molecular mechanisms in a pulmonary nodule mouse model induced by Benzo[a]pyrene and lipopolysaccharide.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- The role of radiological imaging in differentiating malignant and benign pulmonary nodules: a retrospective study.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Construction and validation of a prediction model for malignant pulmonary nodules based on imaging, demographic, and laboratory features.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Machine learning-based prediction of invasiveness in lung adenocarcinoma presenting as ground-glass nodules using radiomics and clinical CT features.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- A nomogram for preoperative prediction of invasiveness in solitary pulmonary adenocarcinoma: a multicenter study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Prediction model for growth trends of subpleural subsolid nodules using CT radiomics and radiological features.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Analysis of risk factors for early detection of cystic lung cancer based on CT genomics and its relationship with pathological invasion.Polish journal of radiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have indicated that clinical and imaging features may assist in distinguishing between benign and malignant solid lung nodules. Yet, the specific characteristics in question continue to be debated. This meta-analysis aims to identify risk factors for malignant solid lung nodules, thereby supporting informed clinical decision-making.
methodsA comprehensive search of databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Wanfang, CNKI, VIP, and CBM was conducted up to October 6, 2024. Only publications in Chinese or English were considered. Data analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software.
resultsThis analysis included 32 studies, comprising 7758 solid pulmonary nodules, of which 3359 were benign and 4399 were malignant. It was found that the incidence of spiculate signs in malignant solid pulmonary nodules (MSPN) was higher than in benign solid pulmonary nodules (BSPN) [OR = 3.06, 95% CI (2.35, 3.98), P < 0.05. Additionally, increases were observed in the incidences of vascular convergence[OR = 16.57, 95% CI (8.79, 31.24), P < 0.05], lobulated signs [OR = 5.17, 95% CI (3.83, 6.98)], air bronchogram sign[OR = 2.96, 95% CI (1.62, 5.41), P < 0.05], pleura traction sign [OR = 2.33, 95% CI (1.65, 3.29), P < 0.05], border blur [OR = 2.94, 95% CI (1.47, 5.85), P < 0.05], vacuole signs [OR = 5.25, 95% CI (2.66, 10.37), P < 0.05], and family history of cancer [OR = 3.85, 95% CI (2.43, 6.12), P < 0.05] compared to BSPN. Older age[OR = 1.06, 95% CI (1.04, 1.07), P < 0.05], higher prevalence in females [OR = 2.98, 95% CI (2.27, 3.92), P < 0.05], larger nodule diameters [OR = 1.25, 95% CI (1.13, 1.38), P < 0.05], and lower incidence of calcification [OR = 0.21, 95% CI (0.10, 0.48), P < 0.05] were also associated with MSPN. No significant differences were found between MSPN and BSPN regarding CEA and emphysema (all P > 0.05).
conclusionsThis meta-analysis highlights that spiculate sign, vascular convergence sign, lobulated sign, diameter, border blur, vacuole sign, age, gender, family history of cancer, pleura traction, air bronchogram sign, and calcification are significant markers for predicting malignancy in SPNs, potentially influencing clinical management. However, further well-designed, large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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