Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39983724›Full record

ArticleNeuron2025

Enteric glutamatergic interneurons regulate intestinal motility.

Ryan Hamnett, Jacqueline L Bendrick, Zinnia Saha, Keiramarie Robertson, Cheyanne M Lewis, Jack H Marciano, Eric Tianjiao Zhao, Julia A Kaltschmidt

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neuron, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Time-resolved morphological and transcriptomic characterization of early enteric neuron subtype emergence in chick.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Impaired intestinal cell proliferation parallels increased senescence after burn injury in aged mice.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2026
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  18. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ryan HamnettDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: rhamnett@stanford.edu.
Jacqueline L BendrickWu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Zinnia SahaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Keiramarie RobertsonWu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Cheyanne M LewisWu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Jack H MarcianoWu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Eric Tianjiao ZhaoWu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Julia A KaltschmidtDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: jukalts@stanford.edu.

Funding

Supplement to Enhance Wellness and Resiliency in the Graduate EnvironmentT32GM007276 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI MORRISON, ASHBY J. · 1985 to 2023
$32.9M
Stanford Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterAdmin Supp: Developing iPSC models for AD and PDP30AG066515 · NIA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Jennifer Kaci Fairchild · 2020 to 2026
$29.0M
Training Program in Basic NeuroscienceT32MH020016 · NIMH · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Justin L Gardner, Merritt C Maduke · 1997 to 2026
$16.2M
Development and Patterning of the Enteric Nervous SystemR21HD110950 · NICHD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI KALTSCHMIDT, JULIA ANNA · 2023 to 2023
$431k
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066515NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD110950NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007276NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH020016
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The enteric nervous system (ENS) controls digestion autonomously via a complex neural network within the gut wall. Enteric neurons expressing glutamate have been identified by transcriptomic studies as a distinct subpopulation, and glutamate can affect intestinal motility by modulating enteric neuron activity. However, the nature of glutamatergic neurons, their position within the ENS circuit, and their function in regulating gut motility are unknown. We identify glutamatergic neurons as longitudinally projecting descending interneurons in the small intestine and colon and as a novel class of circumferential neurons only in the colon. Both populations make synaptic contact with diverse neuronal subtypes and signal with multiple neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in addition to glutamate, including acetylcholine and enkephalin. Knocking out the glutamate transporter VGLUT2 from enkephalin neurons disrupts gastrointestinal transit, while ex vivo optogenetic stimulation of glutamatergic neurons initiates colonic propulsive motility. Our results posit glutamatergic neurons as key interneurons that regulate intestinal motility.

Indexed as

Enteric Nervous SystemGastrointestinal MotilityInterneuronsVesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2AnimalsEnkephalinsFemaleGlutamic AcidMaleMiceMice, KnockoutOptogeneticsEnkephalinsGlutamic AcidSlc17a6 protein, mouseVesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2enteric nervous systemglutamateinterneuronsmouseoptogeneticssynapses

Identifiers

PMID39983724
PMCPMC11968238

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.