ArticlePloS one2025
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy for analysis of free radicals in zebrafish.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Continuous-Wave Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Pharmaceutical Research: Current Applications and Emerging Opportunities.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The interaction between oxidative stress and Schwann cells.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Folic Acid as a Molecule Protecting Cells from the Negative Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation-An In Vitro Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is an excellent choice for detecting free radicals in biological samples. Biologically relevant radicals are extremely short-lived and cannot be detected directly, emphasizing the need for an appropriate compound to generate stable adducts that can be measured by EPR. Spin trapping with nitrone compounds like 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) is a method commonly employed for detecting free radicals. However, due to the instability of nitrone radical adducts, using the cell-permeable 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl pyrrolidine (CMH) appears to be a more effective approach within biological tissues. Here, we compare the use of DMPO and CMH to detect the most abundant reactive oxygen species radical, superoxide ([Formula: see text]), in zebrafish and present an optimized protocol for performing EPR with a CMH spin probe in both zebrafish hearts and larvae. Together, our data suggest that EPR using the CMH probe is a reliable method to detect [Formula: see text] in zebrafish pathologies linked to oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular diseases.
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