ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025
STING-induced noncanonical autophagy regulates endolysosomal homeostasis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2): balancing cellular homeostasis and Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- ClC-7 links PIKfyve inhibition to Rab-dependent LRRK2 activity at lysosomes.The Journal of cell biology · 2026Article
- The cGAS-STING pathway in inflammaging and neuroinflammation.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Programmed cell death in inflammation: interactions and holistic perspective.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- The cGAS-STING/MITA pathway in innate antiviral immunity and beyond.Cell insight · 2026Review
- STING agonist profiling by nucleotide library defines structural determinants of cyclic dinucleotide recognition.iScience · 2026Article
- The cGAS-STING Pathway: A Double-Edged Regulator of Neuroinflammation and Myelin Regeneration.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- cGAS-STING pathway modulation: A new hope for neural regeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- The ER-Golgi intermediate compartment: a central hub integrating membrane trafficking and stress responses.EMBO reports · 2026Review
- Enhanced antitumor immunity of mRNA vaccines by bioorthogonal-like delayed activation of exogeneous STING.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- The kinase CK1α coordinates the initiation and termination of the cGAS-STING pathway.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- Fangchinoline restores TFEB-driven lysosomal biogenesis and blocks H1N1 infection.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- DNA Sensing and Neuroinflammation: Mechanistic Insights into cGAS-STING Biology and Therapeutic Translation in Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Characterization of a transmembrane-activating STING agonist using genetically humanized mice.Cell reports · 2026Article
- C92, a proton channel-blocking allosteric STING agonist generates robust antitumor activity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Noncanonical IRF3 function mediates STING-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Cytosolic DNA inhibits rDNA transcription by retaining the RNA polymerase I transcription machinery.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in renal tumors: Biological bases, diagnostic relevance, and predictive potential.Histology and histopathology · 2026Review
- Elucidating the molecular interplay between LRRK2 and Rab GTPases.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The cGAS-STING pathway mediates innate immune responses to cytosolic DNA. In addition to its well-established role in inducing inflammatory cytokines, activation of the cGAS-STING pathway also induces noncanonical autophagy, a process involving the conjugation of the ATG8 family of ubiquitin-like proteins to membranes of the endolysosomal system. The mechanisms and functions of STING-induced autophagy remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that STING activation induced formation of pH-elevated Golgi-derived vesicles that led to ATG16L1 and V-ATPase-dependent noncanonical autophagy. We showed that STING-induced noncanonical autophagy resulted in activation of the MiT/TFE family of transcription factors (TFEB, TFE3, and MITF), which regulate lysosome biogenesis. We found that lipidation of the ATG8 proteins, particularly GABARAPs, inhibited phosphorylation of MiT/TFE transcription factors by mTORC1. The lipidated GABARAPs bound to the Folliculin-interacting proteins (FNIPs), thereby sequestering the FNIP-folliculin protein complexes from activating mTORC1, resulting in dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of MiT/TFE transcription factors. Furthermore, we found that STING-induced autophagy activated Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a protein implicated in Parkinson's disease, through GABARAPs lipidation. We further showed that STING-induced autophagy induced ALIX-mediated ESCRT machinery recruitment to mitigate endolysosomal perturbation. These results reveal the multifaceted functions of STING-induced noncanonical autophagy in regulating endolysosomal homeostasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.