ReviewDrug delivery and translational research2025
Skin penetration enhancers: Mechanistic understanding and their selection for formulation and design.
Review in Drug delivery and translational research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dual-mechanism vitamin C delivery by polyethylene glycol-23 glyceryl distearate-based niosomes via SVCT2 induction and enhanced transdermal penetration.Drug delivery · 2026Article
- In vitro skin permeation of mitragynine: Optimisation of antioxidants for enhanced drug stability and formulation performance.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Challenges, Unmet Needs, and Future Directions for Nanocrystals in Dermal Drug Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Methods for Enhancing Skin Permeability and Their Evaluation.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Effects of Melatonin-Loaded Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) Transdermal Gel on Sleep Quality.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The skin functions as a formidable barrier, particularly the stratum corneum, effectively restricting the penetration of most substances, including therapeutic agents. To circumvent this barrier, skin penetration enhancers (SPEs) are frequently employed to transiently increase skin permeability, facilitating drug absorption without causing irritation or damage. Despite advancements in dermal formulation development, a deeper understanding of the fundamental science underpinning drug delivery via SPEs remains essential. This review delivers a critical update on conventional SPEs, exploring their mechanisms in promoting drug permeation across the skin. In addition to offering an overview of percutaneous drug delivery, we examine the prevailing theories on how SPEs enhance drug transport. Furthermore, we address the intricate interplay between SPEs, drugs and the skin, providing valuable insights into how the molecular properties and permeation behaviours of SPEs influence their efficacy. This comprehensive review aims to support the ongoing development of optimised drug delivery systems for dermal applications by elucidating the complexities and challenges involved in using SPEs effectively.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39982640What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.