ArticleWorld journal of urology2025
Association between the use of proton pump inhibitors and serum PSA levels in the general U.S. population.
Article in World journal of urology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed drugs that have been associated with increased prostate cancer (PCa) cell proliferation in vitro and worse oncological outcomes in vivo. However, data on their influence on PSA levels in the general population are lacking.
methodsWe extracted individual participant data from the 2001-2010 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), in which PSA levels were measured in all male participants aged 40 years or older. The association of PPI use with total PSA levels and free/total PSA ratio was evaluated through multivariable linear regression analyses, adjusted for potential confounders.
resultsA total of 7366 subjects were included (median age: 53 years; median serum PSA: 0.9 ng/mL), of whom 746 were receiving PPI treatment at the time of the study. After adjustment for potential confounders, ongoing PPI use was associated with lower total PSA levels (-0.24 ng/mL, 95%CI: [-0.37,-0.11], p < 0.001), while no significant association with free/total PSA ratio was found (p = 0.881). A significant effect modification was observed according to age, with the association being limited to older participants (≥ 60 years) at stratified analyses.
conclusionsContrary to the available data in the context of PCa, we found no evidence of increased PSA levels in PPI users with no prostate malignancy. Instead, PPI use was associated with a decrease of total PSA in older adults. This adds knowledge on how PPIs may influence PSA in population-based screening programs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.