ReviewAntibodies (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Immune Cell Engagers: Advancing Precision Immunotherapy for Cancer Treatment.
Review in Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial Watch - bispecific T cell engagers and higher-order multispecific immunotherapeutics.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- From T cell engagers to next-generation immune cell engagers for cancer immunotherapy.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Review
- Advances in cancer immunotherapy: adoptive cell therapy and immune cell engagers in solid tumours.British journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- Oncolytic adenoviruses encoding bispecific T cell engagers or a novel trispecific T cell engager for dual-targeting of c-MET and EGFR.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Macrophage-centered immunotherapy for osteosarcoma: mechanisms, repolarization, and translational strategies.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Review
- Bispecific and multispecific immune engagers for redirecting innate and adaptive immunity against hematologic cancers.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- The avatar principle: exosomal dynamics guiding tumor adaptation and next-generation therapeutic strategies.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Engineering isoform-selective miniprotein binders to the fetal form of the insulin receptor.Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS · 2026Article
- Discovery of co-stimulatory anti-CD28 VHHs for developing cancer immune therapeutic anti-tumor/CD3/CD28 trispecific T cell engager.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Bispecific and multispecific T-cell engagers: advancing the future of immunotherapy.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Review
- T-cell engagers in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, challenges, and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Precision Revolution in Hematologic Malignancies: A Decade of Transformative Immunotherapies and Targeted Agents.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- How multispecific molecules are transforming pharmacotherapy.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025Review
- Structure and function of therapeutic antibodies approved by the US FDA in 2024.Antibody therapeutics · 2025Review
- Insights into next-generation immunotherapy designs and tools: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- From Molecular Precision to Clinical Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Bispecific and Trispecific Antibodies in Hematologic Malignancies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Single-Agent and Associated Therapies with Monoclonal Antibodies: What About Follicular Lymphoma?Cancers · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune cell engagers (ICEs) are an emerging class of immunotherapies designed to harness the immune system's anti-tumor potential through precise targeting and activation of immune effector cells. By engaging T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and phagocytes, ICEs overcome challenges such as immune evasion and MHC downregulation, addressing critical barriers in cancer treatment. T-cell engagers (TCEs), led by bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), dominate the field, with innovations such as half-life-extended BiTEs, trispecific antibodies, and checkpoint inhibitory T-cell engagers driving their application in hematologic and solid malignancies. NK cell engagers (NKCEs) and phagocyte cell engagers (PCEs) are rapidly progressing, drawing on NK cells' innate cytotoxicity and macrophages' phagocytic abilities to target tumors, particularly in immunosuppressive microenvironments. Since the FDA approval of Blinatumomab in 2014, ICEs have transformed the oncology landscape, with nine FDA-approved products and numerous candidates in clinical trials. Despite challenges such as toxicity, resistance, and limited efficacy in solid tumors, ongoing research into advanced platforms and combination therapies highlights the growing potential of ICEs to provide personalized, scalable, and effective cancer treatments. This review investigates the mechanisms, platforms, research trends, and clinical progress of ICEs, emphasizing their pivotal role in advancing precision immunotherapy and their promise as a cornerstone of next-generation cancer therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.