ArticleAntibodies (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Exploring Anticitrullinated Antibodies (ACPAs) and Serum-Derived Exosomes Cargoes.
Article in Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Small extracellular vesicle cargo as biomarkers in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a systematic review.Rheumatology international · 2025Pooled it
- Additive Value of Rheumatoid Factor Isotypes in Sjögren's Syndrome Patients with Joint Complaints of Different Etiologies-Can Rheumatoid Factor IgA Serve as an Early, Poor Prognostic Biomarker Candidate?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAutoantibodies such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPAs) are useful tools for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The presence of ACPAs against citrullinated proteins (CPs), especially citrullinated fibrinogen (cFBG), seems to be a useful serological marker for diagnosing RA. RA patients' sera were found to be enriched in exosomes that can transmit many proteins. Exosomes have been found to express citrullinated protein such as cFBG.
objectiveWe conducted this study in two stages. In the first phase, we aimed to evaluate the association between autoantibodies and risk factors. In the next step, ACPA-positive serum samples from the first phase were subjected to exosomal studies to explore the presence of cFBG, which is a frequent target for ACPAs.
methodsWe investigated the autoantibodies in one hundred and sixteen Saudi RA patients and correlated with host-related risk factors. Exosomes were extracted from patients' sera and examined for the presence of cFBG using monoclonal antibodies.
resultsThe study reported a high female-to-male ratio of 8:1, and seropositive RA (SPRA) was more frequent among included RA patients. The frequency and the levels of ACPAs were similar in both genders. Autoantibodies incidences have a direct correlations with patient age, while the average titers decreased as the age increased. Further, the highest incidence and levels of autoantibodies were reported in patients with RA duration between 5 and 10 years. Smoking and family history have no impact on autoantibody, except for ACPAs titers among smokers' RA. Our analysis of serum exosomes revealed that about 50% of SPRA patients expressed cFBG.
conclusionsThe female-to-male ratio is 8:1, which is higher than the global ratio. We can conclude that patients' age and disease duration contribute to the autoantibodies, particularly RF and anti-MCV, whereas smoking and family history had no effects on autoantibodies. We detected cFBG in all exosomes from SPRA patients; thus, we suggest that the precise mechanism of exosomes in RA pathogenesis can be investigated to develop effective treatment strategies.
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