ReviewMolecular medicine reports2025
Hydroxychloroquine: A double‑edged sword (Review).
Review in Molecular medicine reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- A case of suspected hydroxychloroquine-induced cardiomyopathy: From therapy to toxicity.JHLT open · 2026Article
- Article
- Frequency and clinical characteristics of hydroxychloroquine-induced pigmentation in Japanese paediatric patients: a retrospective cohort study.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- Exploration of Hydroxychloroquine to Improve Perinatal Outcomes in Women with Isolated Non-Specific Auto-Antibody Positivity During Pregnancy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in pregnancy complications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mitigating Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Oxidative Liver Damage: The Roles of Adenosine Triphosphate, Liv-52, and Their Combination in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Comparative Study on the Protective Effect of Thiamine and Thiamine Pyrophosphate Against Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Rats.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The crosstalk between MiRNAs and autophagy in leukemia: mechanisms and therapeutic insights.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- HCQ reverses the immune imbalance related to severe infections following chemotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia and exhibits inhibitory effects on inflammatory cytokine storms.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- A Review of the Current Clinical Aspects of Sjögren's Disease: Geographical Difference, Classification/Diagnostic Criteria, Recent Advancements in Diagnostic Methods, and Molecular Targeted Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Facial edema after covid-19 ameliorated by acupuncture: A CARE-compliant case report.Medicine · 2025Article
- Sjögren's Syndrome: Epidemiology, Classification Criteria, Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment.MedComm · 2025Review
- Retrospective analysis of the efficacy of total glycosides of paeony capsules combined with hydroxychloroquine in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Case Report: Hydroxychloroquine-induced generalized pustular psoriasis in a pediatric patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an antimalarial drug that has historically been used to treat and prevent malaria. However, its mechanism of action has not yet been fully elucidated. HCQ affects various cellular and molecular pathways through different mechanisms. HCQ has also been shown to be a disease‑improving agent for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjögren's syndrome. Although generally considered safe, adverse reactions have been reported with the use of HCQ and clinicians should carefully monitor patients with rheumatism when prescribing these drugs. The purpose of the present review is to strengthen the clinical use of HCQ for autoimmune diseases while highlighting the adverse effects that may occur during treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.