ArticleAnnals of neurology2025
Cyclic Alternating Pattern Dynamics in Individuals at Risk for Developing Parkinson's Disease.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sleep Macrostructure, Cyclic Alternating Pattern and CSF Cytokines in De Novo Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Controlled Polysomnographic Study.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Mapping nocturnal arousal across sleep and pain disorders.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cyclic Alternating Pattern and Sleep Microstructure in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Review
- Identification of SNCA and DRD2 as key genes linking parkinson's disease and circadian rhythm through bioinformatics analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the differences in cyclic alternating patterns (CAP) metrics, a non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep physiological rhythm, among recently diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and individuals at high and low risk for developing PD based on genetic and prodromal risk.
methodsIn this cross-sectional exploratory study, participants underwent clinical, cognitive, and motor evaluation to compute risk based on the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) prodromal criteria and a standard overnight polysomnography. CAP rate, CAP index, A index subtypes, number of CAP sequences, and CAP sequence duration were computed from the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal.
resultsThe study included 30 patients with early PD (mean age = 62.80 ± 7.69, disease duration = 1.10 ± 1.09), 26 participants at risk for PD (age = 64.88 ± 10.09), and 36 participants with low risk for PD (age = 56.83 ± 7.41). Despite comparable macrosleep architecture, most CAP measures were significantly lower in patients with PD compared with the low-risk group, whereas the at-risk group showed transitional values between PD and the low-risk group. The A2 index was significantly lower in both the at-risk and PD groups from the low-risk group (at risk = 7.59 ± 4.59; PD = 7.71 ± 5.83; and low risk = 12.85 ± 8.63; p = 0.010). Lower CAP rate and lower CAP index were associated with greater disease severity (r = -0.23 and - 0.24, respectively).
interpretationPatients with early clinical PD exhibit alterations in CAP dynamics despite having comparable macrosleep architecture. Alterations of the NREM microsleep structure may occur early in the neurodegenerative process and the A2 index may be an early event in the evolution of the disease with the potential to serve as an early marker for disease progression. ANN NEUROL 2025;98:136-146.
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