ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Current status of cytokine-induced killer cells and combination regimens in breast cancer.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Randomized pilot study of camrelizumab with or without autologous cytokine-induced killer cells in refractory clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Therapeutic potential of cytokine-induced killer cell therapy for renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Cytokine Networks in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, and Emerging Strategies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles as a novel tumor-targeting delivery system for cancer treatment.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a significant health challenge worldwide, with substantial efforts aimed at understanding its pathogenesis, biological characteristics, and clinical triggers. Recently, immunotherapy such as the cytokine-induced killer cells combined with other drug therapies has offered new hope for patients with advanced breast cancer. However, the specific pathogenesis of combination regimens involving cytokine-induced killer cells remains elusive. Besides, the combination of immunotherapy with cytokine-induced killer cells might represent a novel breakthrough. This review outlines the current status of cytokine-induced killer cell therapies and their combination strategies, especially the combination of chemotherapy with molecularly targeted treatments, for the management of breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.