ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Exploring the CD3/CD56/TNF-α/Caspase3 pathway in pyrethroid-induced immune dysregulation: curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticle intervention.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Conflict reports exist on the impact of pyrethroid insecticides on immune function and the probable underlying mechanisms. Methods: This study evaluated the effect of an extensively used pyrethroid insecticide, fenpropathrin (FTN) (15 mg/kg b.wt), on the innate and humoral immune components, blood cells, splenic oxidative status, and mRNA expression of CD3, CD20, CD56, CD8, CD4, IL-6, TNF-α, and Caspase3 in a 60-day trial in rats. Besides, the possible defensive effect of curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticle (CML-CNP) (50 mg/kg b.wt) was evaluated. Results: FTN exposure resulted in hypochromic normocytic anemia, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, and lymphopenia. Besides, a significant reduction in IgG, not IgM, but increased C3 serum levels was evident in the FTN-exposed rats. Moreover, their splenic tissues displayed a substantial increase in the ROS, MDA, IL-6, and IL-1β content, altered splenic histology, and reduced GPX, GSH, and GSH/GSSG. Furthermore, a substantial upregulation of mRNA expression of splenic CD20, CD56, CD8, CD4, CD3, IL-6, and TNF-α, but downregulation of CD8 was detected in FTN-exposed rats. FTN exposure significantly upregulated splenic Caspase-3 and increased its immunohistochemical expression, along with elevated TNF-α immunoexpression. However, the alterations in immune function, splenic antioxidant status, blood cell populations, and immune-related gene expression were notably restored in the FTN + CML-CNP-treated group. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlighted the immunosuppressive effects of FTN and suggested the involvement of many CD cell markers as a potential underlying mechanism. Additionally, the results demonstrated the effectiveness of CML-CNP in mitigating pollutant-induced immune disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.