ArticleFrontiers in oral health2025
Assessment of fluoride bio-accessibility in early childhood diets.
Article in Frontiers in oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessing Total Fluoride Intake in Children: Reliability of Commonly Used Methods.Community dentistry and oral epidemiology · 2025Article
- Migration Safety of Perfluoroalkyl Substances from Sugarcane Pulp Tableware: Residue Analysis and Takeout Simulation Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Introduction: Currently available dietary recommendations for fluoride provided as "adequate intake" (AI) and "tolerable upper intake level" (UL) assume 100% fluoride availability for utilization by the body, which is often not the case. To prevent the development of dental fluorosis, AI and UL values must include fluoride bioavailability. However, the lack of data on fluoride bioavailability/bio-accessibility has hindered progress so far. This study aimed to measure fluoride bio-accessibility of the dietary sources commonly consumed by children below four years of age. Methods: A total of 103 food and meal samples were purchased, prepared, and analyzed for fluoride content, subjected to a standardized static Results: Mean (SD) fluoride bio-accessibility for individual food samples was 44.7% (37.5%). The mean (SD) fluoride bio-accessibilities for meals created with juice, carbonated drinks, tap water, and milk were 79.0% (21.9%), 64.3% (20.7%), 40.2% (20.9%), and 71.5% (17.1%), respectively. For the rest of the meals with no common mixing agent, the mean (SD) fluoride bio-accessibility was 50.8% (55.9%). Conclusion: The majority of dietary sources analyzed in this project resulted in fluoride bio-accessibilities below 100%, indicating incomplete utilization of consumed fluoride. As the first study of its kind, these findings represent a critical initial step for future research and provide valuable insights to inform policymakers and health authorities in revising fluoride intake guidelines.
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