Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39980422›Full record

ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2025

Low coverage of hepatitis D virus testing in individuals with hepatitis B virus and HIV, the Netherlands, 2000 to 2022.

Anders Boyd, Colette Smit, Annemiek A van der Eijk, Hans Zaaijer, Bart Ja Rijnders, Berend van Welzen, Mark Aa Claassen, Katalin Pogány, Theodora Ems de Vries-Sluijs, Eline Op de Coul and 2 more

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Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Anders BoydStichting hiv monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Colette SmitStichting hiv monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Annemiek A van der EijkErasmus MC University Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Hans ZaaijerAmsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Virology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Bart Ja RijndersDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Berend van WelzenDepartment of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Mark Aa ClaassenDepartment of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Rijnstate Ziekenhuis, Arnhem, Netherlands.
Katalin PogányDepartment of Internal Medicine, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Theodora Ems de Vries-SluijsDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Eline Op de CoulCentre for Infectious Disease Control, Epidemiology and Surveillance, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
Marc van der ValkStichting hiv monitoring, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
ATHENA observational cohortMembers of the ATHENA observational cohort are listed under Acknowledgements.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BackgroundSince 2009, European guidelines recommend individuals with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV be tested for hepatitis D virus (HDV).AimTo analyse HDV testing in individuals with HBV/HIV during routine practice in the Netherlands.MethodsWe assessed data from the ATHENA cohort of people with HIV who were ever HBV surface antigen-positive, aged ≥ 18 years and attended one of 24 HIV treatment centres in the Netherlands during 2000-22. Using longitudinal analysis, we estimated the percentage of individuals ever tested for HDV (antibody or RNA test) over time. In cross-sectional analysis, determinants for ever being tested by end of follow-up were assessed using relative risk regression.ResultsWe identified 1,715 individuals with HBV/HIV; 1,460 (85.1%) and 255 (14.9%) were male and female at birth, respectively (median age: 52 years; IQR: 42-59). Only 249 (14.5%) had an HDV test. The percentage tested increased from 5.0% (95% CI: 3.4-7.3) in 2000 to 17.0% (95% CI: 14.9-19.3) in 2022. In 2022, 16.2% (95% CI: 13.7-19.1) of men who have sex with men, 25.0% (95% CI: 9.7-50.9) of persons who inject(ed) drugs and 18.1% (95% CI: 14.6-22.3) of heterosexual/others were tested. In multivariable analysis, ever having an HDV test was associated with detectable HBV DNA viral load (p < 0.001), ever presenting with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (p = 0.023), advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis (p = 0.001) and being overweight/obese (p = 0.043).ConclusionsHDV testing coverage in the Netherlands is low for individuals with HBV/HIV. Although testing was more common in those with advanced liver disease, a considerable proportion at risk of HDV still need testing.

Indexed as

Hepatitis BHepatitis B virusHepatitis DHepatitis Delta VirusHIV InfectionsMass ScreeningAdultCoinfectionCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHepatitis AntibodiesHepatitis B Surface AntigensHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedHepatitis AntibodiesHepatitis B Surface AntigensepidemiologyHepatitis B virushepatitis C virushepatitis D virushuman immunodeficiency virusmen who have sex with menpeople who inject drugspublic healthtestingvirus elimination

Identifiers

PMID39980422
PMCPMC11843617

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.