SynthesisPrimary health care research & development2025
Food hygiene practice and associated factors among food handlers working in food establishments in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Primary health care research & development, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluating hygienic practices in cattle slaughterhouses and beef retail shops in Sidama region, Ethiopia: implications for public health.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Assessment of food hygiene knowledge and practices among food handlers in Ondo West Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Environmental pollutant awareness, food handling practices, and risk communication among market stakeholders in Kwara State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
introductionFood hygiene practices are crucial to avoid foodborne illness and improve human well-being. Millions of people get sick, and many of them pass away due to eating unhealthy food. Foodborne diseases are still a public health problem in developing countries.
objectiveThis study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with food hygiene practices among food handlers in sub-Saharan Africa.
methodsAn extensive search was conducted using various databases including PubMed, Science Direct, African Journal Online, and Google Scholar. The search results were then extracted using Microsoft Excel. The data analysis was conducted using STATA version 14. Publication bias was checked by funnel plot, and more objectively through Begg and Egger regression test, with P < 0.05 considered to indicate potential publication bias. A random effect model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of hygienic food handling practices. Sub-group analysis was done by country and study site.
resultsTo estimate the pooled prevalence of food hygiene practices in sub-Saharan Africa, 42 reviewed studies and 12,367 study participants were included. The pooled prevalence of food hygiene practices among food handlers in sub-Saharan Africa was found to be 50.68% (95% CI: 45.35, 56.02) in this study. Factors associated with food hygiene practices included lack of food safety training (OR = 2.14 95% CI: 0.68, 6.76), negative attitude (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.36, 4.09), and lack of regular medical checkups (OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.52, 4.65) among food handlers.
conclusionThis research found that only half of sub-Saharan Africa's food handlers had good food hygiene practices. Lack of food safety training, a lack of regular medical checkups, and unfavorable attitudes toward food hygiene practices were factors contributing to food hygiene practices. Thus, the authors recommended that food workers receive food safety training about food hygiene and safety procedures.
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