Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39980239›Full record

ArticleScandinavian journal of immunology2025

Immune Checkpoint Receptor Expression Profiles of MAIT Cells in Moderate and Severe COVID-19.

Matyas Meggyes, David U Nagy, Ildiko Toth, Timoteus Feik, Beata Polgar, Iyad Saad Al Deen, David Sipos, Laszlo Szereday, Agnes Peterfalvi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scandinavian journal of immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Matyas MeggyesDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
David U NagyInstitute of Geobotany/Plant Ecology, Martin-Luther-University, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Ildiko TothDepartment of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
Timoteus FeikDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
Beata PolgarDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
Iyad Saad Al DeenDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
David Sipos1st Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
Laszlo SzeredayDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1208-2969
Agnes PeterfalviDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.

Funding

University of Pecs Medical School Research Grant KA2021-38University of Pecs Medical School Research Grant KA-2024-09University of Pecs Medical School Research Grant PTE-AOK-KA2021-29
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

MAIT cells are one of the largest unconventional T cell populations and, recruited to the site of infection, play both protective and pathogenic roles during pulmonary viral infections. MAIT cell activation patterns change significantly during COVID-19, with a notable decrease in their frequency in peripheral blood of severe cases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression profiles of various immune checkpoint pathways on MAIT, MAIT-like and non-MAIT cells in moderate and severe COVID-19 patients undergoing cytokine storm. Despite numerous studies comparing MAIT cell characteristics based on COVID-19 disease severity, none have delved into the critical differences in MAIT cell immune checkpoint profiles between moderate and severe COVID-19 patients, all experiencing a cytokine storm. Flow cytometry was used to analyse peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a cohort of 35 patients, comprising 18 moderate and 17 severe cases, alongside 14 healthy controls. Our investigation specifically focuses on severe COVID-19 presentations, revealing a marked deletion of MAIT cells. Further exploration into the regulatory dynamics of MAIT cell functionality reveals shifts in the expression profiles of critical immune checkpoint receptors, notably PD-1 and CD226. In severe COVID-19 patients, MAIT cells showed a significant decrease in the expression of CD226, whereas MAIT-like and non-MAIT cells demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of PD-1 compared to healthy individuals. The expression of the TIGIT receptor remained unaltered across all investigated groups. Our findings contribute to the existing knowledge by elucidating the changes in MAIT cell subpopulations and their potential role in COVID-19 disease severity.

Indexed as

COVID-19Immune Checkpoint ProteinsMucosal-Associated Invariant T CellsSARS-CoV-2AdultAgedAntigens, Differentiation, T-LymphocyteFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorSeverity of Illness IndexT Lineage-Specific Activation Antigen 1Antigens, Differentiation, T-LymphocyteImmune Checkpoint ProteinsPDCD1 protein, humanProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorT Lineage-Specific Activation Antigen 1COVID‐19cytokine stormdisease severityflow cytometryimmune checkpointsMAIT cellsSARS‐CoV‐2viral infection

Identifiers

PMID39980239
PMCPMC11842947

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.