Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39980073›Full record

ArticleParasites & vectors2025

Enzymes involved in trehalose-chitin synthesis in Haemonchus contortus could be vaccine candidates for goats.

Zhaohai Wen, Jilata Amu, Kalibixiati Aimulajiang, Jiajun Feng, Cheng Chen, Yongde Xu, Mingmin Lu, Lixin Xu, Xiaokai Song, Xiangrui Li and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Parasites & vectors, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Zhaohai Wen *MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Jilata Amu *MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Kalibixiati AimulajiangState Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
Jiajun FengMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Cheng ChenMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Yongde XuMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Mingmin LuMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Lixin XuMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Xiaokai SongMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Xiangrui LiMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Ruofeng YanMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. yanruofeng@njau.edu.cn.

Funding

Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions PAPDThe National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFD1801200The National Natural Science Foundation of China 32373036The program for scientific research start-up funds of Guangdong Ocean University 060302052404
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTrehalose-6-phosphate synthase (HcTPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (HcGOB) are key enzymes for trehalose synthesis in Haemonchus contortus. In addition, previous studies have also demonstrated that HcTPS and HcGOB can regulate the function of host immune cells in vitro, and are important immunosuppressive molecules. Therefore, this study evaluated the potential of HcTPS and HcGOB as vaccine candidates through in vitro and in vivo experiments.

methodsTo evaluate the inhibitory effects of polyclonal antibodies on egg hatching and larval development, anti-rHcTPS and anti-rHcGOB antibodies were incubated separately with eggs and first-stage larvae (L1s) under controlled in vitro conditions. For immunization studies, recombinant proteins (rHcTPS and rHcGOB) were formulated with Quil-A adjuvant, and administered to goats through subcutaneous injection. Vaccine efficacy against Haemonchus contortus infection was determined through comprehensive analysis of multiple parasitological parameters, including: (1) egg abnormality rate, (2) hatching success rate, (3) reduction egg output rates, and (4) reduction in adult worm burden.

resultsThe results of in vitro experiments showed that polyclonal antibodies against HcTPS and HcGOB had no effect on the hatching rate of eggs, but significantly affected the development from L1s to infectious third stage larvae (L3s). After immunization with recombinant HcTPS protein (rHcTPS) and recombinant HcGOB protein (rHcGOB), high levels of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) were produced in goats, and remained till the end of the experiment. Compared with the Quil-A adjuvant control group, the number of deformed eggs in the rHcTPS protein- immunized group and the rHcGOB protein- immunized group were significantly increased. In the rHcTPS protein-immunized group and the rHcGOB protein-immunized group, the deformity rate of eggs was 9.59% and 17.30%, respectively, and the hatching rate of eggs was reduced by 11.27% and 13.71%, respectively. Moreover, compared with the Quil-A adjuvant control group, the number of eggs and adults in the HcTPS protein- immunized group decreased by 64.47% and 60.93%, respectively, and the number of eggs and adults in the rHcGOB protein- immunized group decreased by 63.97% and 69.54%, respectively. Furthermore, compared with the control group (Quil-A adjuvant), the trehalose content in the rHcTPS protein- immunized group and the rHcGOB protein- immunized group was also significantly reduced.

conclusionsThese findings indicate that rHcTPS and rHcGOB exhibit superior immune protective effects, rendering them promising candidates for vaccine development.

Indexed as

ChitinGlucosyltransferasesGoat DiseasesHaemonchiasisHaemonchusTrehaloseVaccinesAdjuvants, ImmunologicAnimalsAntibodies, HelminthFemaleGoatsHelminth ProteinsImmunizationLarvaPhosphoric Monoester HydrolasesAdjuvants, ImmunologicAntibodies, HelminthChitinGlucosyltransferasesHelminth ProteinsPhosphoric Monoester HydrolasesRecombinant ProteinsTrehalosetrehalose-6-phosphate synthasetrehalose-phosphataseVaccinesHaemonchus contortusHcGOBHcTPSTrehalose-chitin synthesisVaccine

Identifiers

PMID39980073
PMCPMC11841196

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.