ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2025
Interacting and joint effects of frailty and inflammation on cardiovascular disease risk and the mediating role of inflammation in middle-aged and elderly populations.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association of frailty and pre-frailty with cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis of 26 cohort studies.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluative performance of triglyceride-glucose-frailty index versus surrogate insulin resistance indices for advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, cardiometabolic multimorbidity, and mortality: the role of estimated glomerular filtration rate.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Association of an estimated glucose disposal rate-frailty index with incident cardiovascular events in two prospective cohorts.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Association of the combined triglyceride-glucose and frailty index with chronic kidney disease: evidence from two national cohort studies.Endocrine · 2026Article
- Associations of the combined C-reactive protein-triglyceride glucose index and frailty index in different dimensions with incident stroke among individuals with stages 0-3 cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Predictive value of the combined cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, glucose and frailty indices for cardiometabolic multimorbidity incidence: evidence from a national prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Long-term health outcomes in older recipients of blood or marrow transplantation: a report from the BMTSS.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Frailty prediction in heart failure patients with acute infections: the potential role of thiazide diuretics?PloS one · 2026Article
- Association between combined atherogenic and frailty index and cardiovascular events: evidence from the CHARLS cohort.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Linking Motor and Cognitive Decline in Aging: Gait Variability and Working Memory as Early Markers of Frailty.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Associations between systemic inflammation and cognitive trajectories post-stroke.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Low-grade inflammation score (INFLA- score) associated with metabolic syndrome and its components in shift workers.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Predictive value of the combined triglyceride-glucose and frailty index for cardiovascular disease and stroke in two prospective cohorts.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Frailty and depressive symptoms in relation to cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged and older adults.Nature communications · 2025Article
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8 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFrailty and inflammation may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but their interacting and joint effects on CVDs remain unclear. To explore the interaction effects of frailty and inflammation on CVDs and the role of inflammation in the relationship between frailty and CVDs to provide better understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of CVD.
methodsA total of 220,608 initially CVD-free participants were recruited from the UK Biobank database and were categorized into non-frailty, pre-frailty, and frailty groups based on Fried's criteria. The participants were also grouped according to the low-grade inflammation (INFLA) score and its components: the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and platelet count. Cox proportional hazards models with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the effects of frailty phenotypes and inflammation on CVD risk. Mediation analysis was used to quantify the role of inflammation in the association between frailty and CVDs. The potential interactions between frailty and inflammation in terms of CVD risk were also evaluated using additive and multiplicative scales.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 13.3 years, 48,978 participants developed CVDs. After adjusting for various confounders, participants with pre-frailty and frailty had a higher risk of CVDs than those with non-frailty (HRs: 1.20 (95% CI: 1.18-1.23) and 1.80 (95% CI: 1.69-1.91), respectively). A higher risk of CVDs was observed among participants with moderate and high INFLA scores than those with low INFLA scores (HRs: 1.09 (95% CI: 1.07-1.12) and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.24-1.30), respectively). The INFLA score and its components had limited mediating effects in the association between frailty and CVDs. Significant interactions were observed between frailty phenotypes and INFLA scores on CVDs on the multiplicative scale but not on the additive scale.
conclusionInflammation may amplify the harmful effect of frailty on the incidence of CVDs. Improving frailty alone might not substantially reduce the risk of CVDs, but effectively controlling inflammation might help to reduce the negative effects of frailty on cardiovascular health.
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