ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Routine and Recommended Adult Vaccination Rates Among US Adults, National Health Interview Survey 2018.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reducing racial/ethnic disparities in vaccination rates is a significant goal of Healthy People 2030. This study aims to examine adult vaccination rates by race/ethnicity and sex in the United States. We evaluated the vaccination rate of influenza, tetanus-diphtheria (Td), hepatitis A, hepatitis B, pneumococcal, shingles, and human papillomavirus (HPV) using 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data by race/ethnicity. Our sample included 53,647 participants, and we categorized race/ethnicity as White (n = 36,245), Black (n = 5,861), Hispanic (n = 8,219), and Asian (n = 3,322). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between race/ethnicity and vaccination coverage, controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related variables. We also stratified the multivariate logistic regressions by race/ethnicity and sex. Influenza, Td, hepatitis A, pneumococcal, and shingles vaccination coverage differed by race/ethnicity. After adjusting for key covariates, racial/ethnic disparities in vaccination persisted for all vaccines examined. Racial disparities in vaccination coverage persisted when stratifying by sex for all vaccines. Black males had lower odds of receiving the HPV and Td vaccine than White males (OR range: 0.53-0.78). Black females had lower odds of receiving the HPV, pneumococcal, and Td vaccine than White females while Hispanic and Asian females had lower odds of receiving the Td vaccine than White females (OR range: 0.52-0.76). Racial/ethnic and sex differences in vaccination levels narrow when adjusting for factors analyzed in the NHIS but are not eliminated, suggesting the need for efforts to achieve equity in immunization rates as well as increasing vaccination rates across all populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39979696What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.