ArticleCell death discovery2025
NINJ1-mediated plasma membrane rupture of pyroptotic endothelial cells exacerbates blood-brain barrier destruction caused by neutrophil extracellular traps in traumatic brain injury.
Article in Cell death discovery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: a psychoneuroimmunological nexus linking depression and cardiovascular comorbidity.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- NINJ1 plays a vital role in the release of neutrophil extracellular traps during acute lung injury.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- A 'Tangled Web' in the CNS: unraveling neutrophil extracellular traps in neurological disorders.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Temporal patterns of neutrophil recruitment and microthrombus formation in fatal traumatic brain injury: a forensic histopathological study.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of neutrophil extracellular traps in hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment and targeted therapy progress.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- The role of NINJ1 in diseases.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Ninjurin1 in cardiovascular and vascular biology: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular Histones Associate with Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Astrocyte-Mediated Neuroinflammation During Polymicrobial Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Changes in Serum Levels of NINJ1 and HMGB1 in Children with Kawasaki Disease and Their Clinical Significance.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- PKM2 preconditioning protects endothelial cells from pyroptosis and BBB disruption via NRF2/TRX/TXNIP signaling in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Dual role of Ninjurin-1 in myeloid cell adhesion and inflammation in relapse-remitting EAE.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Involvement of the pyroptosis-HMGB1 axis in systemic diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- The GPR68-NINJ1 axis: an emerging mechano-chemical checkpoint in blood-brain barrier disruption-a hypothetical framework and therapeutic promise.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Digging deeper into NINJ1: its multifaceted role in central nervous system diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Ninjurin-1 executes plasma membrane rupture and impairs anti-microbial immunity in an early jawed vertebrate.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Ligustilide Ameliorates Traumatic Brain Injury in Aged Mice by Attenuating Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: From mechanisms to treatments.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Review
- NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis in Diabetic Nephropathy: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Brain endothelial cell (bEC) dysfunction is the main factor of blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, which triggers a vicious cycle of aggravating traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathogenesis. Previous studies have revealed that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released by neutrophils can lead to BBB disruption, but there is a lack of research on the underlying mechanisms after TBI. Here, excessive NETs were found in both contused brain tissue and circulation following TBI. We found that NETs could activate the TLR4/NF-κB pathway to induce bEC pyroptosis, which led to BBB disruption after TBI. During this process, ninjurin-1 (NINJ1) was activated in pyroptotic bECs, and it mediated the release of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) via plasma membrane rupture (PMR) to promote NET formation. NINJ1-mediated release of HMGB1 aggravated NET accumulation by forming a vicious circle following TBI. Knockdown of NINJ1 rescued NET formation, attenuated BBB leakage, and improved neurological outcomes after TBI. NINJ1 may represent a promising target for alleviating NET-induced BBB destruction and other related injuries after TBI.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.