ArticlePloS one2025
Optimal two-stage group sequential designs based on Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Decoding melanin dynamics: Photoacoustic microscopy reveals differential aging of metabolic and keratinized skin zones.Photoacoustics · 2026Article
- Application of case-based study promoting the outcome-based education concept in clinical pharmacotherapeutic teaching: a pre-post study with implications for medical educator development.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Enhancing the prediction of hospital discharge disposition with extraction-based language model classification.npj health systems · 2026Article
- Exploring the effectiveness of proactive service models in preventing medical disputes and petitions: a pilot investigation using a before-and-after design at a single center in Hangzhou, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Observational
- Short-Wavelength Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging and Spectral Unmixing Techniques for Detection and Distribution of Pesticide Residues on Edible Perilla Leaves.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
1 author.
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Abstract
The Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, often referred to as the Mann-Whitney U test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, is a non-parametric statistical test used to compare two independent groups when the dependent variable is ordinal or continuous but not normally distributed. It's particularly useful for small sample sizes or when the assumptions of parametric tests, such as the t-test, are violated, including cases where the data is skewed. This study focuses on the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test for ordinal data, which frequently arises in biomedical research when the proportional odds assumption does not hold. Currently, there are no optimal two-stage randomized clinical trial designs utilizing the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test. To address this research gap, our study proposes optimal two-stage designs based on the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test. We demonstrate the application of these designs through illustrative examples and evaluate their operating characteristics.
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Registered trials
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