Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39977388›Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

Effect of infill ratios in SLA 3D printing on mechanical properties of castable wax patterns for molded shells in investment casting.

Thanh Tan Nguyen, Van Tron Tran, Van-Thuc Nguyen, Van Thanh Tien Nguyen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Thanh Tan NguyenFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.ORCID 0009-0001-4562-6803
Van Tron TranFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Van-Thuc NguyenFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Van Thanh Tien NguyenFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.ORCID 0000-0002-2534-5465

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Investment casting has become an integral part of the modern industry's manufacturing process with high precision. However, this technology still faces several challenges that need to be addressed for process improvement, especially the complex and flexible part. This research demonstrates the possibility of applying additive manufacturing techniques (3-dimensional printing (3DP)) and castable wax in investment casting. The main objective is to investigate the effect of infill ratios on the mechanical properties of 3D printed patterns and evaluate the ability to create mold shells using the printed patterns for casting stainless steel SUS 304. The results indicate that the infill density considerably influences the printed samples' mechanical properties, mold-creating ability, weight, and building time. The mechanical properties of the printed samples, including Young's modulus, tensile strength, and work of extension increase from 13.08 MPa, 393.33 MPa, and 4.25 MJ/m3 to 21.72 MPa, 671.48 MPa, and 9.62 MJ/m3, respectively. Moreover, the infill ratios of printed patterns, less than 25%, can be employed to fabricate the IC mold with exceptional quality. The printed patterns' average surface roughness (SR) is 2.49 μm, while the average SR of the casted parts is 7.33 μm. The results strongly strengthen the idea of applying the 3DP technique and castable wax substance in investment casting (IC).

Indexed as

Printing, Three-DimensionalWaxesElastic ModulusMaterials TestingStainless SteelSurface PropertiesTensile StrengthStainless SteelWaxes

Identifiers

PMID39977388
PMCPMC11841900

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.