ArticleeLife2025
Differences in HIV-1 reservoir size, landscape characteristics, and decay dynamics in acute and chronic treated HIV-1 Clade C infection.
Article in eLife, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Reservoir differences across HIV-1 subtypes: a systematic review to guide cure research.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Therapeutic HIV-1 Tat vaccination promotes durable immune reconstitution and reservoir reduction in ART-treated adults with clade C infection: a 12-year follow-up study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Intact and Defective HIV Provirus Changes During Antiretroviral Therapy in People Treated During Acute or Chronic HIV Infection or as HIV Controllers.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Early intervention, lasting impact: benefits of early antiretroviral therapy and implications for posttreatment control.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- Article
- Effect of Timing and Duration of ART on the Composition of HIV Reservoirs: Implications for HIV Cure Strategies.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Tools to Quantify and Characterize the Persistent Reservoir in People with HIV-1: Focus on Non-B Subtypes.Viruses · 2026Review
- IBA-1Research square · 2026Article
- HIV reservoirs in lymphomagenesis: hidden driver in the era of viral suppression?Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- 'It is scary to pause treatment': perspectives on HIV cure-related research and analytical treatment interruptions from women diagnosed during acute HIV in Durban, South Africa.HIV research & clinical practice · 2025Article
- Evolution of the HIV-1 integration site landscape and inducible reservoir in early-treated people.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Within-Subtype HIV-1 Polymorphisms and Their Impacts on Intact Proviral DNA Assay (IPDA) for Viral Reservoir Quantification.Viruses · 2025Article
- Acute HIV Infection and ART Response: Insights into T Cell Subsets, Activation, Exhaustion, and Blood and GALT HIV Reservoir.Viruses · 2025Article
- Selective decline of intact HIV reservoirs during the first decade of ART followed by stabilization in memory T cell subsets.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Early treatment and PD1 inhibition enhance HIV-specific functionality of follicular CD8+ T cells.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Meeting Summary for Keystone Symposia on HIV Cure: Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)-Free Control of HIV Infection in Durban, South Africa, 2025.Pathogens & immunity · 2025Article
- Antiretroviral therapy initiated during acute infection in women with HIV-1 clade C reduces anti-Tat antibody production and lowers CD8+ T cell activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Post-intervention control in HIV immunotherapy trials.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Persisting HIV reservoir viruses in resting CD4 T cells and other cellular subsets are a barrier to cure efforts. Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) enables post-treatment viral control in some cases, but mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesised that ART initiated before peak viremia impacts HIV-1 subtype C reservoirs. We studied 35 women at high risk of infection from Durban, South Africa, identified with hyperacute HIV by twice-weekly HIV-RNA testing. Participants included 11 starting ART at a median of 456 (297-1203) days post-onset of viremia (DPOV) and 24 at 1 (1-3) DPOV. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used to measured total HIV-1 DNA by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and sequence viral reservoir genomes by full-length proviral sequencing (FLIP-seq). ART during hyperacute infection blunted peak viremia (p<0.0001), but contemporaneous total HIV-1 DNA did not differ (p=0.104). Over 1 year, a decline of total HIV-1 DNA was observed in early treated persons (p=0.0004), but not late treated. Among 697 viral genome sequences, the proviral genetic landscape differed between untreated, late treated, and early treated groups. Intact genomes after 1 year were higher in untreated (31%) versus late treated (14%) and early treated (0%). Treatment in both late and early infection caused more rapid decay of intact (13% and 51% per month) versus defective (2% and 35%) viral genomes. However, intact genomes persisted 1 year post chronic treatment but were undetectable with early ART. Early ART also reduced phylogenetic diversity of intact genomes and limited cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune escape variants in the reservoir. Overall, ART initiated in hyperacute HIV-1 subtype C infection did not impact reservoir seeding but was associated with rapid intact viral genome decay, reduced genetic complexity, and limited immune escape, which may accelerate reservoir clearance in combination with other interventional strategies.
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