Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39975678›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025

Impact of religious fasting on ocular dryness: objective and subjective assessment.

Amal F Alomari, Sara Issa, Asma Musleh, Mohammad Abusamak, Omar Bdair, Saif Aldeen AlRyalat, Alanoud Al-Wakfi, Mohammed Jaber, Ahmad Alloubani, Haitham Sahawneh and 3 more

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Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Amal F AlomariDepartment of Special Surgery, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan.
Sara IssaDepartment of Special Surgery, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan.
Asma MuslehDepartment of Special Surgery, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan.
Mohammad AbusamakDepartment of Special Surgery, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan.
Omar BdairFaculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan.
Saif Aldeen AlRyalatDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Alanoud Al-WakfiNational Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan.
Mohammed JaberNational Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan.
Ahmad AlloubaniNational Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan.
Haitham SahawnehDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
Muhannd El-FaouriDepartment of Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
Ayman Abdul AzizDepartment of Special Surgery, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan.
Muawyah Al BdourDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Certain religions require long hours of fasting, abstaining from fluid intake for durations extending up to 16 h. Lack of fluid intake may alter multiple physiological parameters, which can influence the ocular system. In this prospective study, we evaluated the effect of prolonged fasting on dry eye disease using both objective and subjective measures. Methods: We included patients who fasted for at least 12 h a day for at least 2 weeks, including the testing day, and retested them at least 1 week after the fasting period had ended with no fasting on the testing day. At each visit, Non-Invasive Keratograph Break up time (NIKBUT) and Tear meniscus height (TM) were measured using the Oculus Keratograph 5 M. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was evaluated at each timepoint to assess dryness symptoms subjectively. Results: This study included a total of 40 patients. NIKBUT values during the fasting times were higher than during the non-fasting times; however, the difference was statistically non-significant. There were no significant differences in TM and OSDI measurements between non-fasting and fasting periods ( Conclusion: Our study showed that prolonged fasting, including complete abstinence from fluid intake, did not lead to significant dryness, neither subjectively nor objectively. During fasting, patients used significantly fewer lubricating drops compared to non-fasting periods.

Indexed as

dry eyefastinglubricationOSDI questionnaireRamadantear

Identifiers

PMID39975678
PMCPMC11835933

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