Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39975270›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025

Whole-body Bacteriophage Distribution Characterized by a Physiologically based Pharmacokinetic Model.

Arne Echterhof, Tejas Dharmaraj, Patrick Blankenberg, Bobby Targ, Paul L Bollyky, Nicholas M Smith, Francis Blankenberg

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Arne EchterhofDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Tejas DharmarajDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Patrick BlankenbergDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Bobby TargDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Paul L BollykyDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Nicholas M SmithDivision of Clinical and Translational Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.
Francis BlankenbergDivision of Pediatric Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, California, USA.

Funding

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Mechanistically Aware Phage CocktailsR01AI177997 · NIAID · STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO · PI Nicholas Michael Smith · 2024 to 2026
$2.2M
Hydrogel Delivery of Bacteriophage to Treat Wound InfectionsR01EB038154 · NIBIB · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Paul L Bollyky, Ovijit Chaudhuri · 2025 to 2026
$1.2M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI177997NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB038154
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In 2019 there were over 2.8 million cases of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection in the US with gram negative organisms having up to a 6% rate of mortality. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy holds great promise to treat such infections. However, the biologic features which influence the pharmacokinetics (PK) of phage have been difficult to characterize due to a lack of standardized protocols of phage purification, tissue assay, and labeling. Here we present robust methods for ultrapure phage preparation as well as non-destructive highly stable attachment of radio-iodide to phage using the well described Sulfo-SHPP linker. We purified and radiolabeled the phage strains, PAML-31-1, OMKO1, and Luz24 lytic to drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa for biodistribution assay in normal young adult CD-1 mice injected via penile vein. Groups of 5 mice were euthanized and tissues/organs removed for weighing and scintillation well counting of I-125 activity at 30 min, 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h, and 24h. A physiologically based PK (PBPK) model was then constructed focusing on compartments describing blood, lung, muscle, bone, liver, stomach, spleen, small intestines, large intestines, and kidney. Model permeability coefficient (P

Identifiers

PMID39975270
PMCPMC11839030

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.