Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39974559›Full record

ReviewMedical review (2021)2025

Review of organ damage from COVID and Long COVID: a disease with a spectrum of pathology.

Andrew G Ewing, Spela Salamon, Etheresia Pretorius, David Joffe, Greta Fox, Stephane Bilodeau, Yaneer Bar-Yam

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Medical review (2021), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  9. Task-Evoked Pupillary Dynamics Are Altered in Post-COVID Syndrome.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Andrew G EwingDepartment of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2084-0133
Spela SalamonWorld Health Network, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Etheresia PretoriusWorld Health Network, Cambridge, MA, USA.
David JoffeWorld Health Network, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Greta FoxWorld Health Network, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Stephane BilodeauWorld Health Network, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-5457
Yaneer Bar-YamWorld Health Network, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Long COVID, as currently defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other authorities, is a symptomatic condition that has been shown to affect an estimated 10 %-30 % of non-hospitalized patients after one infection. However, COVID-19 can also cause organ damage in individuals without symptoms, who would not fall under the current definition of Long COVID. This organ damage, whether symptomatic or not, can lead to various health impacts such as heart attacks and strokes. Given these observations, it is necessary to either expand the definition of Long COVID to include organ damage or recognize COVID-19-induced organ damage as a distinct condition affecting many symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals after COVID-19 infections. It is important to consider that many known adverse health outcomes, including heart conditions and cancers, can be asymptomatic until harm thresholds are reached. Many more medical conditions can be identified by testing than those that are recognized through reported symptoms. It is therefore important to similarly recognize that while Long COVID symptoms are associated with organ damage, there are many individuals that have organ damage without displaying recognized symptoms and to include this harm in the characterization of COVID-19 and in the monitoring of individuals after COVID-19 infections.

Indexed as

asymptomatic organ damageCOVID-19Long COVID syndromereduced functional capacity

Identifiers

PMID39974559
PMCPMC11834749

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.