Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39973491›Full record

ReviewJournal of Parkinson's disease2025

Technology for measuring freezing of gait: Current state of the art and recommendations.

Martina Mancini, J Lucas McKay, Helena Cockx, Nicholas D'Cruz, Christine D Esper, Benjamin Filtjens, Benedetta Heimler, Colum D MacKinnon, Luca Palmerini, Melvyn Roerdink and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. What is new in Freezing of Gait?Journal of neurology · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Martina ManciniDepartment of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4532-3984
J Lucas McKayDepartment of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8361-8943
Helena CockxDepartment of Neurobiology, Faculty of Science, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-7782-7178
Nicholas D'CruzDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-5306-5903
Christine D EsperDepartment of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Benjamin FiltjensDepartment of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), eMedia Research Lab/STADIUS, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Benedetta HeimlerCenter of Advanced Technologies in Rehabilitation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.ORCID 0000-0002-9418-4896
Colum D MacKinnonDepartment of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2722-7868
Luca PalmeriniDepartment of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering «Guglielmo Marconi», University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4758-662X
Melvyn RoerdinkDepartment of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-8534-1124
William R YoungSchool of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Jeffrey M HausdorffCenter for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.ORCID 0000-0002-1608-0776
ICFOG Investigators

Funding

Neuroplasticity and the emergence of motor and cognitive deficits in prodromal synucleinopathyRF1NS126609 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI MACKINNON, COLUM D · 2022 to 2022
$2.3M
Predictors of progression to freezing of gait in Parkinson's diseaseR01NS088679 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI MACKINNON, COLUM D · 2015 to 2018
$1.6M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS088679NINDS NIH HHS RF1 NS126609
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This report summarizes the existing literature on the use of technology for the assessment of freezing of gait (FOG) as well as the use of technology to provide insights into the mechanisms of FOG in people with Parkinson's disease. Specifically, this work was carried out for the 3rd International Workshop on Freezing of Gait in Jerusalem in 2023. This review focuses on the most used technologies to quantitatively assess FOG in a laboratory environment and describes the technologies that hold promise for assessing FOG in daily life. Examples of implementation of machine learning algorithms are provided as well as algorithmic biases. Lastly, a standardized assessment using inertial measurement units during a clinical protocol is proposed and a 5-year outlook is discussed. We anticipate this review will help move the field forward in the coming years.

Indexed as

Gait AnalysisGait Disorders, NeurologicParkinson DiseaseHumansMachine Learningaccelerometerfreezinggaitinertial measurement unitmachine learning‌Parkinson's diseasereviewtechnology

Identifiers

PMID39973491
PMCPMC13347410

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.