Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39973045›Full record

ArticlePsychological medicine2025

A temporal network analysis of complex post-traumatic stress disorder and psychosis symptoms.

Peter Panayi, Alba Contreras, Emmanuelle Peters, Richard Bentall, Amy Hardy, Katherine Berry, William Sellwood, Robert Dudley, Eleanor Longden, Raphael Underwood and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Psychological medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Scoping Review of Experience Sampling Methodology Investigations of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms.Clinical psychology : a publication of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Peter PanayiDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6356-7798
Alba ContrerasDepartment of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioural Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
Emmanuelle PetersDepartment of Psychology, King's College London, London, UK.
Richard BentallDepartment of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Amy HardyDepartment of Psychology, King's College London, London, UK.
Katherine BerryDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
William SellwoodDivision of Health Research,Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of LancasterLancaster, UK.
Robert DudleyDepartment of Psychology, University of York, York, UK.
Eleanor LongdenDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Raphael UnderwoodDepartment of Psychology, King's College London, London, UK.
Craig SteelOxford Centre for Psychological Health, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Hassan JafariDepartment of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Liam MasonDivision of Psychology & Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
Filippo VareseDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Funding

Economic and Social Research Council 2488414Health Technology Assessment Programme NIHR128623NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSymptoms of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD) may play a role in the maintenance of psychotic symptoms. Network analyses have shown interrelationships between post-traumatic sequelae and psychosis, but the temporal dynamics of these relationships in people with psychosis and a history of trauma remain unclear. We aimed to explore, using network analysis, the temporal order of relationships between symptoms of cPTSD (i.e. core PTSD and disturbances of self-organization [DSOs]) and psychosis in the flow of daily life.

methodsParticipants with psychosis and comorbid PTSD (

resultsOur between-subjects network suggested that, on average over the testing period, most cPTSD symptoms related to at least one positive psychotic symptom. Many average relationships persist in the contemporaneous network, indicating symptoms of cPTSD and psychosis co-occur, especially paranoia with hyperarousal and negative self-concept. The temporal network suggested that paranoia reciprocally predicted, and was predicted by, hyperarousal, negative self-concept, and emotional dysregulation from moment to moment. cPTSD did not directly relate to voices in the temporal network.

conclusionscPTSD and positive psychosis symptoms mutually maintain each other in trauma-exposed people with psychosis via the maintenance of current threat, consistent with cognitive models of PTSD. Current threat, therefore, represents a valuable treatment target in phased-based trauma-focused psychosis interventions.

Indexed as

Psychotic DisordersStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticAdultComorbidityEcological Momentary AssessmentFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung Adultdisturbances of self-organizationexperience sampling methodologyhallucinationsparanoiatraumavisions

Identifiers

PMID39973045
PMCPMC12055024

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.