Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39972455›Full record

ArticleBMC cancer2025

Global trends and risk factors of laryngeal cancer: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study (1990-2021).

Tianjiao Zhou, Xiaoting Wang, Qingchao Zhu, Enhui Zhou, Jingyu Zhang, Fan Song, Chen Xu, Ying Shen, Jianyin Zou, Huaming Zhu and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Definitive radiotherapy for early stage glottic cancer: a quarter-century of single-institution experience with long-term outcomes and late events.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
    Observational
  6. Impact ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. The global, regional, and national disease burden of laryngeal cancer attributable to high alcohol use from 1990 to 2021: a global burden of disease study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Tianjiao Zhou *Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xiaoting Wang *Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Qingchao Zhu *Department of Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Enhui Zhou *Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jingyu ZhangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Fan SongDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Chen XuDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Ying ShenDepartment of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Jianyin ZouDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Huaming ZhuDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Kaiming SuDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Wen LuDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. luwenlanmo@sjtu.edu.cn.
Hongliang YiDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. yihongl@126.com.
Weijun HuangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. hellohuangwj@126.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThis study aimed to explore the epidemiological trends of laryngeal cancer (LC) using the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data.

methodsWe analyzed the global LC incidence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and risk factors from 1990 to 2021. We evaluated trends using the annual percentage change (EAPC) and examined variations and associations in LC burden across regions, sociodemographic index (SDI) categories, and age groups.

resultsIn 2021, the global age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) for LC was 2.293 (95% UI: 2.133-2.466), the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) was 1.35 (1.259-1.449), and the age-standardized DALYs rate was 35.803 (33.294-38.538). The EAPCs for ASIR, ASDR, and age-standardized DALYs were -1.089, -1.659, and -1.816, respectively. The ASIR was positively correlated with the SDI (R = 0.32, P < 0.05). The Caribbean had the highest ASDR (2.69) and second-highest EAPC of ASDR (-0.151). Tobacco accounted for 66.46% of global LC deaths, with a decreasing trend over the last 30 years (R = -1, P < 0.05). Conversely, occupational exposure among females showed an increasing trend (R = 0.61, P < 0.05). The reduction in death rate for the 80-89 years age group was nearly twice as high in the high SDI regions as in the low SDI regions (21.89% vs. 11.92%).

conclusionsFrom 1990 to 2021, global LC incidence, deaths, and DALYs decreased, although regional disparities persisted. Death rates remain high in economically disadvantaged regions, especially among the elderly and females with occupational risk. Continued efforts to control tobacco use, develop equitable screening programs, and enhance occupational safety are crucial for addressing global disparities in LC outcomes.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseaseLaryngeal NeoplasmsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal HealthHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedQuality-Adjusted Life YearsRisk FactorsYoung AdultDeathsGlobal burden of disease studyLaryngeal CancerRisk factorTobacco

Identifiers

PMID39972455
PMCPMC11837445

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.