ArticleBMC psychiatry2025
Bioinformatics-based identification of CTSS, DOK2, and ENTPD1 as potential blood biomarkers of schizophrenia.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Identification of metabolism and inflammation-related biomarkers and potential drugs for schizophrenia based on comprehensive bioinformatics and machine learning.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Cell-free DNA in extracellular vesicles: A candidate biomarker of schizophrenia.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAlthough schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that significantly impacts patients and society, there are currently no reliable blood-based biomarkers to assist in its diagnosis. The diagnosis primarily relies on clinical assessment and patient history, a method that is inherently subjective and prone to errors, potentially leading to diagnostic delays. In this study, we aim to utilize bioinformatics approaches to explore potential blood-based biomarkers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. By employing advanced bioinformatics techniques, we hope to identify key genes and construct an effective diagnostic model, providing the clinic with a more objective and accurate diagnostic tool.
methodsIn this research, we employed bioinformatics techniques to identify potential blood-based biomarkers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Initially, we selected schizophrenia-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database through the datasets GSE27383, GSE38484, and GSE38481. Subsequently, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses on these DEGs to elucidate their biological functions and related pathways. Furthermore, we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the differentially expressed genes to identify key genes and matched them with their target microRNAs (miRNAs). In addition, we assessed the diagnostic potential of these key genes through immune infiltration analysis. The aim of this study is to reveal the roles of these hub genes in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
resultsThrough bioinformatics analysis, we have identified three potential hub genes associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia: CTSS, DOK2, and ENTPD1. These genes are significantly correlated with the development of schizophrenia and may serve as promising diagnostic biomarkers for the condition.
conclusionIn this study, we have identified three pivotal genes-CTSS, DOK2, and ENTPD1-that are intimately associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The discovery of these genes not only enhances the precision of diagnostic efforts for schizophrenia but also provides a robust scientific foundation for the development of innovative treatment approaches for schizophrenia and related disorders. The identification of these biomarkers offers a tangible basis for early, accurate diagnosis, treatment, prognostic assessment, and rehabilitation evaluation in schizophrenia, potentially improving patients' quality of life and supporting the development of personalized therapeutics and antipsychotic medications.
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