ArticleBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2025
Associations of Antenatal Corticosteroids With Neurodevelopment in Children Aged 27-30 Months: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Article in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A reduction in large animal research threatens the perinatal translation research pipeline.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- An evaluation of antenatal corticosteroid use and timing in a large US birth cohort 2017-2021.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
31 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the associations of antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) exposure with neurodevelopment in early childhood, and how these vary with gestational age at birth.
designPopulation-based cohort study.
settingScotland, UK. POPULATION: 285 637 singleton children born at 28-41 weeks' gestation, between 1st January 2011 and 31st December 2017, who underwent health reviews at 27-30 months of age.
methodsLogistic and linear regression analyses, stratified by gestation at birth (28-33, 34-36, 37-38 and 39-41 weeks' gestation), were used to evaluate the associations between ACS exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes, and adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, diabetes, antenatal smoking, parity, neighbourhood deprivation, birth year, child sex and age at review.
main outcome measuresPractitioner-identified concerns about any neurodevelopmental domain, and the average of five domain scores on neurodevelopmental milestones from the parent-rated Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3).
resultsAfter adjustment for covariates, ACS exposure was associated with reduced neurodevelopmental concerns in children born at 28-33 weeks' gestation (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.62-0.999) and with increased neurodevelopmental concerns in children born at 34-36 weeks' gestation (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.01-1.21). No independent associations emerged in children born at later gestations. ACS exposure was not associated with ASQ-3 scores in any gestational age group.
conclusionsIn early childhood, ACS exposure was associated with statistically significantly reduced neurodevelopmental concerns in children born at 28-33 weeks' gestation, and with statistically significantly increased neurodevelopment concerns in children born at 34-36 weeks' gestation. However, the effect sizes of these associations were small. No independent associations were found between ACS exposure and neurodevelopment in term-born children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.