Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39971585›Full record

ArticleBMJ global health2025

Immunisation health workforce capacity building in Southeast Asia: reflections from training programme implementation in Cambodia and Lao PDR.

Gemma Saravanos, Alvin Kuo Jing Teo, Esabelle Lo Yan Yam, Sok Chamreun Chou, Niramonh Chanlivong, Phorng Chanthorn, Chhit Thy, Souphon Sayavong, Julie Leask, Siyan Yi and 11 more

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Article in BMJ global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Gemma SaravanosSydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0040-6679
Alvin Kuo Jing TeoSydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0569-3518
Esabelle Lo Yan YamSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Sok Chamreun ChouKHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Niramonh ChanlivongSydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Phorng ChanthornKHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Chhit ThyKHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Souphon SayavongNational Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Julie LeaskSydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-1443
Siyan YiSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Margie DanchinMurdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7624-5691
Chris MorganJhpiego, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0931-5474
Kylie JenkinsSydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Martyn KirkNational Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Kristine MacartneyNational Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
Ben CoghlanHuman and Social Development, Asian Development Bank, Mandaluyong City, Philippines.
Michelle ApostolHuman and Social Development, Asian Development Bank, Mandaluyong City, Philippines.
Dinesh AroraHuman and Social Development, Asian Development Bank, Mandaluyong City, Philippines.
Darren GrayNational Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Tracy SmartSchool of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-8918-8939
Meru SheelSydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia meru.sheel@sydney.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5453-070X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Immunization Agenda 2030 emphasises the need for a motivated, skilled and knowledgeable workforce equipped to plan, manage, implement and monitor immunisation programmes at all levels. The rapid introduction of COVID-19 vaccines during the pandemic highlighted the adaptability of the health workforce but also exposed gaps in professional development and learning.This practice paper describes the implementation of an immunisation training programme in the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Lao People's Democratic Republic. The programme was developed and delivered by the project team in partnership with local stakeholders and technical experts. A country-centric approach ensured that training programmes met each country's needs, while input from technical experts ensured an evidence-based programme that aligned with international standards. There were 445 training participants from professional groups across various levels and sectors of the health system. Training curricula included a range of differentiated training modules which aimed to build knowledge and skills to drive increased vaccine demand, improve service delivery and optimise monitoring and evaluation of programmes.The Gavi Learning and Performance Management framework supported a structured reflection of programme strengths, limitations and opportunities. Strengths were the country-centric and learner-centric approach and the high technical quality of the programme. The pandemic context necessitated agility and adaptation to meet changing country needs and priorities, however, this introduced some limitations. Future training programmes should undertake an enhanced assessment of training needs, workforce and digital capabilities and learning and performance management systems, alongside the development of country-driven immunisation workforce training roadmaps to ensure optimal impact and sustainability.

Indexed as

Capacity BuildingCOVID-19Health PersonnelHealth WorkforceImmunization ProgramsCambodiaCOVID-19 VaccinesHumansLaosSARS-CoV-2COVID-19 VaccinesGlobal HealthImmunisationPublic Health

Identifiers

PMID39971585
PMCPMC11840919

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.