ArticleJournal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis2025
Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Events in a Japanese Population with and without Obesity: The Shizuoka Kokuho Database Study.
Article in Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Literature Review on the Waist Circumference Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome in Japan: Evidence and Implications for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2026Review
- Prognostic Significance of the Estimated Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Predicting the Incidence of Coronary Artery Disease: The Nagahama Study and Shizuoka Kokuho Database Study.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2026Article
- Is low lean body mass a risk factor for hypertension?Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- The Specific Health Checkups and Specific Health Guidance Program: A Strategy for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Japan.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe accumulation of metabolic risk factors, namely high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia, has been associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, little evidence is available on the prognostic significance of metabolic risk factor accumulation in nonobese individuals. This study investigated this issue by analyzing prefecture-wide health checkup and health insurance data in Japan.
methodsWe analyzed data from 366,881 adults aged 40-74 years who were enrolled in the National Health Insurance, excluding those who experienced a stroke or coronary artery diseases or required long-term care. Baseline clinical information was obtained from annual health checkup data. Incidences of stroke and coronary artery diseases were obtained from insurance data.
resultsIn the nonobese population, the hazard ratio for stroke increased linearly with the number of accumulated metabolic risk factors, particularly among those aged ＜65 years men (one factor: 2.21, two factors: 2.60; three factors: 3.93) and women (one factor: 1.49, two factors: 1.57; three factors: 2.27). Similar results were observed in the analysis for coronary artery diseases. After excluding participants receiving medications, the association of metabolic risk factor with stroke remained significant, although its association with coronary artery disease became less significant. In the analysis for each metabolic risk factors, high blood pressure (men: hazard ratio = 2.85; women: hazard ratio = 2.17; P＜0.001), but not hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, was associated with stroke in the nonobese population.
conclusionThe accumulation of metabolic risk factors needs to be considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases even in individuals without obesity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.