Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39971133›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2025

Longer travel and traffic are associated with adult liver transplant waitlist mortality in the United States.

Kali Zhou, Robert Albertian, Christopher Wong, Leane S Kuo, Laura K Thompson, Jennifer L Dodge, Neil Mehta, Norah A Terrault, Myles G Cockburn

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kali ZhouDivision of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. Electronic address: kalizhou@usc.edu.
Robert AlbertianTouro University California, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, California, USA.
Christopher WongDivision of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Leane S KuoDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Laura K ThompsonDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Jennifer L DodgeDivision of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Touro University California, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, California, USA.
Neil MehtaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Norah A TerraultDivision of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Myles G CockburnDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Funding

USC/NORRIS COMPREHENSIVE CANCER CENTER (CORE) SUPPORTP30CA014089 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Fumito Ito · 1985 to 2026
$181.4M
Multilevel Determinants of Socioeconomic Disparities in Geographic Late Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma HotspotsK23MD016963 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI Kali Zhou · 2022 to 2026
$829k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014089NIMHD NIH HHS K23 MD016963
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transportation to transplant centers is a barrier to liver transplantation (LT). We analyzed the impact of travel metrics on LT waitlist outcomes in the United States. A total of 83 640 adult LT candidates in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database (2013-2021) were included. Google Distance Matrix application programming interface estimated driving time from patients' residing ZIP code to listing center. Effect of travel time (short [<1 hour], medium [1 to < 3 hours], or long [3 to < 6 hours]), traffic congestion in metropolitan areas, and center mismatch (defined as listing at a center >1 hour from nearest center) on waitlist mortality were examined using multivariable competing risk regression with adjustment for confounders. Compared to short travel, medium (HR 1.09 [95% CI: 1.05-1.13]) and long travel times (HR 1.14 [95% CI: 1.08-1.20]) were associated with higher waitlist mortality. Both high (HR 1.09 [95% CI: 1.01-1.12]) and moderate traffic (HR 1.09 [95% CI 1.02-1.15]) was also associated with higher waitlist mortality compared to low traffic. Lastly, there was no relationship between center mismatch (9.1% of listed) and waitlist deaths. Longer travel and traffic congestion are associated with greater waitlist mortality for adult LT candidates. Strategies to address these underrecognized spatial barriers to LT are needed.

Indexed as

End Stage Liver DiseaseLiver TransplantationTravelWaiting ListsAdultAutomobile DrivingFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRegistriesRisk FactorsSurvival RateTime Factorsend-stage liver diseasehealth disparitiessocial determinants of healthspatial epidemiologytransportation

Identifiers

PMID39971133
PMCPMC12221778

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.