ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2025
"Ice" flavor elements in E-cigarette images: Influence on liking and intention to use among youth who are at risk of E-cigarette use.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Public health impact of disposable electronic cigarettes since 2021: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introduction"Ice"-flavored e-liquids and e-cigarettes, marketed as both sweet and cooling recently entered the US marketplace and are popular among youth. Advertisements featuring attractive product images and descriptions are one of the first exposures to these products for youth. This study examines the appeal of e-cigarette images, with and without a cooling "ice" imagery, among youth who have limited e-cigarette use or who are at risk of future use.
methodsWe conducted two online, within-subject experimental studies with 71 Connecticut youth at risk of e-cigarette use, using a Qualtrics survey. Participants viewed 34 images of sweet-flavored e-liquids with and without cooling imagery (e.g., mango vs. mango-ice) and 28 sweet-flavored disposables devices with (e.g., watermelon-ice) and without names indicating cooling (e.g., strawberry). Images were presented in randomized order and participants rated overall liking and intention to use on four-point scales. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze outcomes, reporting least-squares means (M) and standard errors (SE).
resultsThe sample was 59.2 % female with an average age of 16.5 years. No significant differences were observed for liking and intention to use between sweet-flavored e-liquids with and without cooling imagery (ps > 0.05). For disposable e-cigarette images, participants reported significantly higher overall liking (M = 1.72, [SE = 0.07] vs. 1.62 [0.07], p = 0.002) and intention to use (1.52 [0.06] vs. 1.46 [0.06]; p = 0.037) in response to images without descriptions of "ice" compared to those with "ice".
conclusionsAdding cooling images or descriptors did not increase appeal or use intentions of sweet-flavored e-liquids or disposable e-cigarettes among youth with limited e-cigarette experience.
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