ArticleJournal of intellectual disability research : JIDR2025
'Smiling and Talking Slowly': A Qualitative Study on the Ideal Ophthalmologist From the Perspective of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities.
Article in Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Barriers to Ophthalmologic Care Reported by Family Caregivers of Users and Non-Users With Intellectual Disabilities.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026Article
- 'Smiling and Talking Slowly': A Qualitative Study on the Ideal Ophthalmologist From the Perspective of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHealth care accessibility and inequality for people with intellectual disabilities have long been subjects of discussion. Issues related to eye examinations and visits to ophthalmologists are particularly challenging for these people. However, disability studies and healthcare from the perspectives of people with intellectual disabilities remain scarce. The current study aims to explore the experiences and expectations of adults with intellectual disabilities during ophthalmologist visits, with a focus on their subjective viewpoints.
methodsA qualitative study was conducted between 2021 and 2022 that involved semistructured interviews with 22 adults with intellectual disabilities who were users of day programs or residential services in Taiwan. The interviews, supplemented with pictures, were conducted using purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.
findingsFour themes emerged regarding their experiences with ophthalmologists: 'Because my eyes itched, I went to the doctor;' the need for clear and slow explanations during vision screening; anxiety and discomfort during equipment use and focused examination; and 'The doctor is good. She smiles and is gentle with me.' In addition, two themes related to their expectations were identified:equipment use and pre-examination instructions and ideal characteristics of ophthalmologists: smiling and talking slowly.
conclusionFor people with intellectual disabilities, an ideal ophthalmologist is patient-centred and provides individualised care-'Smiling and Talking Slowly'; otherwise, fear of visiting eye doctors worsens their health inequalities. Integrating these considerations into ophthalmology training and practice is essential to enhance the quality of care for and the well-being and dignity of people with intellectual disabilities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.