Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39970000›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

A binary trait model reveals the fitness effects of HIV-1 escape from T cell responses.

Yirui Gao, John P Barton

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  9. Inferring fitness seascapes from evolutionary histories.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  10. A binary trait model reveals the fitness effects of HIV-1 escape from T cell responses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Yirui GaoDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.ORCID 0009-0008-8214-9461
John P BartonDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.ORCID 0000-0003-1467-421X

Funding

Methods for quantifying selection in evolving populationsR35GM138233 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI BARTON, JOHN P · 2020 to 2024
$1.9M
HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R35GM138233NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM138233
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Natural selection often acts on multiple traits simultaneously. For example, the virus HIV-1 faces pressure to evade host immunity while also preserving replicative fitness. While past work has studied selection during HIV-1 evolution, as in other examples where selection acts on multiple traits, it is challenging to quantitatively separate different contributions to fitness. This task is made more difficult because a single mutation can affect both immune escape and replication. Here, we develop an evolutionary model that disentangles the effects of escaping CD8

Indexed as

CD8-Positive T-LymphocytesGenetic FitnessHIV-1HIV InfectionsImmune EvasionHumansSelection, GeneticVirus ReplicationevolutionHIVquantitative traitsstatistical inference

Identifiers

PMID39970000
PMCPMC11873823

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.