Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39969995›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Mussel-inspired cross-linking mechanisms enhance gelation and adhesion of multifunctional mucin-derived hydrogels.

George D Degen, Corey A Stevens, Gerardo Cárcamo-Oyarce, Jake Song, Raju Bej, Peng Tang, Katharina Ribbeck, Rainer Haag, Gareth H McKinley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Catechol Derivative-Based Bioadhesives: Molecular Design for Precision Medical Adhesion.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

George D DegenDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.ORCID 0000-0002-7386-506X
Corey A StevensDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
Gerardo Cárcamo-OyarceDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
Jake SongDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.ORCID 0000-0003-1254-6206
Raju BejInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8453-6966
Peng TangInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany.
Katharina RibbeckDepartment of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
Rainer HaagInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany.
Gareth H McKinleyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.ORCID 0000-0001-8323-2779

Funding

TOXICOLOGY CORE UNITP30ES002109 · NIEHS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI NILES, JACQUIN C · 1985 to 2020
$25.6M
TRAINING GRANTS IN ENVIROMENTAL TOXICOLOGYT32ES007020 · NIEHS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI ESSIGMANN, JOHN M · 1985 to 2024
$13.1M
Canadian Government | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) MFE-187894Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) 431232613 - SFB 1449HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) P30-ES002109HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) T32-ES007020NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES002109NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES007020
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mucus supports human health by hydrating, lubricating, and preventing infection of wet epithelial surfaces. The beneficial material properties and bioactivity of mucus stem from glycoproteins called mucins, motivating the development of mucin-derived hydrogels for wound dressings and antifouling coatings. However, these applications require robust gelation and adhesion to a wide range of substrates. Inspired by the chemical cross-linking and water-tolerant adhesion of marine mussel adhesive structures, we use catechol-thiol bonding to drive gelation of native mucin proteins and synthetic mucin-inspired polymers, forming soft, adhesive hydrogels that can be coated onto diverse surfaces. The gelation dynamics and adhesive properties can be systematically tuned by varying the hydrogel composition, polymer architecture, and thiol availability, with gelation timescales adjustable from seconds to hours, and values of elastic modulus, failure stress, and debonding work spanning orders of magnitude. We demonstrate the functionality of these gels in two applications: as tissue adhesives, using porcine skin as a proxy for human skin, and as bioactive surface coatings to prevent bacterial colonization. The results highlight the potential of catechol-thiol cross-linking as a versatile platform for engineering multifunctional glycoprotein hydrogels with applications in wound repair and antimicrobial surface engineering.

Indexed as

BivalviaCross-Linking ReagentsHydrogelsMucinsTissue AdhesivesAnimalsCatecholsHumansSulfhydryl CompoundsSwinecatecholCatecholsCross-Linking ReagentsHydrogelsMucinsSulfhydryl CompoundsTissue Adhesivesantifoulingbiomaterialscatechol-thiol bondmucustissue adhesive

Identifiers

PMID39969995
PMCPMC11874598

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.