Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39968612›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2025

Automated Process for Monitoring of Amiodarone Treatment: Development and Evaluation.

Birgitta I Johansson, Jonas Landahl, Karin Tammelin, Erik Aerts, Christina E Lundberg, Martin Adiels, Martin Lindgren, Annika Rosengren, Nikolaos Papachrysos, Helena Filipsson Nyström and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Birgitta I JohanssonDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3844-6128
Jonas LandahlDepartment of Digital Development, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8525-0305
Karin TammelinDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-2219
Erik AertsChalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7944-0591
Christina E LundbergDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9062-9982
Martin AdielsSchool of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3667-589X
Martin LindgrenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8567-0422
Annika RosengrenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-6605
Nikolaos PapachrysosDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2372-2554
Helena Filipsson NyströmDepartment of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4670-3401
Helen SjölandDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-542X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAmiodarone treatment requires repeated laboratory evaluations of thyroid and liver function due to potential side effects. Robotic process automation uses software robots to automate repetitive and routine tasks, and their use may be extended to clinical settings.

objectiveThus, this study aimed to develop a robot using a diagnostic classification algorithm to automate repetitive laboratory evaluations for amiodarone follow-up.

methodsWe designed a robot and clinical decision support system based on expert clinical advice and current best practices in thyroid and liver disease management. The robot provided recommendations on the time interval to follow-up laboratory testing and management suggestions, while the final decision rested with a physician, acting as a human-in-the-loop. The performance of the robot was compared to the existing real-world manual follow-up routine for amiodarone treatment.

resultsFollowing iterative technical improvements, a robot prototype was validated against physician orders (n=390 paired orders). The robot recommended a mean follow-up time interval of 4.5 (SD 2.4) months compared to the 3.1 (SD 1.4) months ordered by physicians (P<.001). For normal laboratory values, the robot recommended a 6-month follow-up in 281 (72.1%) of cases, whereas physicians did so in only 38 (9.7%) of cases, favoring a 3- to 4-month follow-up (n=227, 58.2%). All patients diagnosed with new side effects (n=12) were correctly detected by the robot, whereas only 8 were by the physician.

conclusionsAn automated process, using a software robot and a diagnostic classification algorithm, is a technically and medically reliable alternative for amiodarone follow-up. It may reduce manual labor, decrease the frequency of laboratory testing, and improve the detection of side effects, thereby reducing costs and enhancing patient value.

Indexed as

AmiodaroneAnti-Arrhythmia AgentsDrug MonitoringRoboticsAlgorithmsAutomationDecision Support Systems, ClinicalFemaleHumansMaleAmiodaroneAnti-Arrhythmia Agentsalgorithmamiodarone treatmentanti-arrhythmicanti-arrhythmic medicationarrhythmiaatrial fibrillationautomated processautomationcardiac dysrhythmiasclinical decision support systemdecision supportdevelopmentdisease managementevaluationfollow-up studiesheartlivermonitoringrobotroboticsside effectsthyroidthyroid functionthyroid glandventricular fibrillationventricular tachycardia

Identifiers

PMID39968612
PMCPMC11888117

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.