Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39968511›Full record

ArticleExploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy2025

Out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure amongst community-dwelling adults: Findings from the Irish longitudinal study on ageing (TILDA) in 2016.

James Larkin, Ciaran Prendergast, Logan T Murry, Michelle Flood, Barbara Clyne, Sara Burke, Conor Keegan, Fiona Boland, Tom Fahey, Nav Persaud and 2 more

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Article in Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

James LarkinSchool of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
Ciaran PrendergastSchool of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
Logan T MurrySchool of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
Michelle FloodSchool of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
Barbara ClyneDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
Sara BurkeCentre for Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Conor KeeganEconomic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, Ireland.
Fiona BolandData Science Centre, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
Tom FaheyDepartment of General Practice, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
Nav PersaudDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Rose Anne KennyThe Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Frank MoriartySchool of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The number of prescription medicines prescribed to older adults is increasing in Ireland and other countries. This is leading to higher out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure for older adults, which has several negative consequences including cost-related non-adherence. This study aimed to characterise out-of-pocket prescription medicine payments, and examine their relationship with entitlements, multimorbidity and adherence. Methods: This cross-sectional study used 2016 data from a nationally-representative sample of adults in Ireland aged ≥50 years. Descriptive statistics and regression models were used to describe out-of-pocket prescription medicine payments and assess the association between out-of-pocket prescription medicine payments and the following variables: healthcare entitlements, multimorbidity, and cost-related non-adherence. Results: There were 5,668 eligible participants. Median annual out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure was €144 (IQR: €0-€312). A generalised linear model showed that, amongst those with out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure, having fewer healthcare entitlements was associated with 4.74 (95%CI: 4.37-5.15) times higher out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure. Overall, 1.7% ( Conclusions: Those with entitlements to subsidised prescription medicines had much lower out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure. This highlights the benefits of expanding healthcare entitlements and ensuring uptake of entitlements by those with eligibility.

Indexed as

Drug costsEntitlementsHealth care costsHealth economicsHealth expendituresHealth policyMedicinesMultimorbidityPharmaciesPolypharmacy

Identifiers

PMID39968511
PMCPMC11833648

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