Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39967907›Full record

ReviewEXCLI journal2025

A review on the role of nanoparticles for targeted brain drug delivery: synthesis, characterization, and applications.

Payam Nawzad Mohammed, Narmin Hamaamin Hussen, Aso Hameed Hasan, Hozan Jaza Hama Salh, Joazaizulfazli Jamalis, Sumeer Ahmed, Ajmal R Bhat, Mohammad Amjad Kamal

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in EXCLI journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Pharmaceutical biology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Payam Nawzad MohammedDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq.
Narmin Hamaamin HussenDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq.
Aso Hameed HasanDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Garmian, Kalar 46021, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, Iraq.
Hozan Jaza Hama SalhDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Joazaizulfazli JamalisDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia- 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Sumeer AhmedPost-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai - 600014, India.
Ajmal R BhatDepartment of Chemistry, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur- 440033, India.
Mohammad Amjad KamalPharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Unfortunately, nowadays, brain disorders, which include both neurological and mental disorders, are the main cause of years spent living with a disability worldwide. There are serious diseases with a high prevalence and a high mortality rate. However, the outmoded technical infrastructure makes their treatment difficult. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a protective mechanism for the central nervous system (CNS) and regulates its homeostatic processes. The brain is protected against injury and illness by an extremely complex system that precisely regulates the flow of ions, very few tiny molecules, and an even smaller number of macromolecules from the blood to the brain. Nevertheless, the BBB also considerably inhibits the delivery of medications to the brain, making it impossible to treat a variety of neurological diseases. Several strategies are now being studied to enhance the transport of drugs over the BBB. According to this research, nanoparticles are one of the most promising agents for brain disease treatment while many conventional drugs are also capable of crossing this barrier but there are amazing facts about nanoparticles in brain drug delivery. For example, 1. Precision Targeting: Through mechanisms such as receptor-mediated transport, ligand attachment, or the use of external stimuli (e.g., magnetic or thermal guidance), nanoparticles can deliver drugs specifically to diseased areas of the brain while minimizing exposure to healthy tissues. This targeted approach reduces side effects and enhances therapeutic outcomes. 2. Improved Drug Stability: Drugs can be encapsulated by nanoparticles, which keeps them stable and shields them from deterioration while being transported to the brain. 3. Therapeutic Payload: Nanoparticles possess a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, enabling them to encapsulate a substantial quantity of therapeutic agents relative to their size. This allows for enhanced drug delivery efficiency, maximizing therapeutic outcomes while potentially reducing the required dosage to achieve the desired effect. 4. Imaging Properties: Certain nanoparticles can also act as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allowing for the real-time visualization of drug distribution and administration in the brain. 5. Combination Therapy Possibility: Nanoparticles can be designed to co-deliver multiple medications or therapeutic agents, which could enhance synergistic effects. There have been

Indexed as

applicationsBBBbrain disordersmethodsnanoparticlessynthesis

Identifiers

PMID39967907
PMCPMC11830919

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.