Hyponatremia Correction and Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Rationale & Objective: Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a rare but severe condition often attributed to the rate of sodium collection. We evaluated the association between the overly rapid sodium correction in adult hospitalized patients with ODS. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting & Study Populations: Adults hospitalized hyponatremia patients. Selection Criteria for Studies: The studies comparing the incidence of ODS with and without rapid sodium correction inception to January 2024. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence. Analytic Approach: The incidence of ODS following a rapid and nonrapid sodium correction was pooled using the random effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed for the robustness and the source of heterogeneity. Results: Eleven cohort studies were included with 26,710 hospitalized hyponatremia patients. The definition of hyponatremia varied from <116 to <130 mmol/L, and overly rapid sodium correction was defined as >8 to 12 mmol/L within 24 hours. The overall incidence of ODS was 0.23%. The incidence of ODS in rapid and nonrapid sodium correction was 0.73% and 0.10%, respectively. Meta-analysis demonstrated that a rapid rate of sodium correction was associated with a higher incidence of ODS (odds ratio 3.16, 95% CI, 1.54-6.49, I Limitation: Various definition criteria for ODS diagnosis across studies, lack of potential electrolyte and treatment data that may affect the incidence of ODS. Conclusions: The rapid rate of sodium correction had a statistical correlation with a higher incidence of ODS. Among ODS without rapid correction, further studies are recommended to evaluate and comprehend the relationship for better and proper management of hospitalized patients with hyponatremia.