ArticleAge and ageing2025
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of PainChek in older general hospital patients with dementia.
Article in Age and ageing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exploring the application of Artificial Intelligence in palliative care and its practical, technical and ethical considerations: a scoping review.BMC palliative care · 2026Article
- Pain in people with dementia is a significant contributor to increased professional caregiver burden: results of an observation study.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Objective monitoring of acute pain and nociception in anaesthesia and intensive care: evidence and applications.Anaesthesiology intensive therapy · 2025Review
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3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPain is common in people with dementia in general hospitals. This can be difficult to identify.
objectivesTo evaluate the psychometric properties of PainChek electronic pain assessment tool.
designCross-sectional psychometric study.
settingSix medical care of older people wards from two general hospitals in greater London, UK. SUBJECTS: 63 people with clinical diagnosis of dementia: mean 84 years (SD 6.7), 59% female, 69% living in their own homes, 64% white British, 77% moderate/severe dementia.
methodPsychometric evaluation of PainChek, a point-of-care electronic pain assessment tool combining artificial intelligence, facial analysis and smartphone technology. From a total of 216 assessments, we tested PainChek's inter-rater reliability (IRR) (Cohen's kappa), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and concurrent validity (Pearson's coefficient) between PainChek and Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scores at rest and post-movement [95% confidence interval (95% CI) where appropriate]. We assessed convergent validity with Symptom Management-End of Life in Dementia scale (SM-EOLD) (Pearson's coefficient) and discriminant validity (rest vs post-movement).
resultsIRR was 0.714 (95% CI 0.562 to 0.81) (rest) and 0.817 (95% CI 0.692 to 0.894) (post-movement). Internal consistency was 0.755 (rest) and 0.833 (post-movement). Concurrent validity with PAINAD was 0.528 (95% CI 0.317 to 0.690) (rest) and 0.787 (0.604 to 0.891) (post-movement). Convergent validity with SM-EOLD was -0.555 (95% CI -0.726 to -0.318) (rest) and -0.5644 (95% CI -0.733 to -0.331) (post-movement). Discriminant validity was significant.
conclusionsPainChek is a valid and reliable pain assessment tool for people with dementia in general hospitals. Further consideration will be needed for implementation into this setting.
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