Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39966780›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025

The effects of vaginal infections on pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study in China.

Dongting Yao, Xinyu Tang, Minghui Xue, Keyu Zhu, Wei Li, Ze Chen, Meng Ni, Baihe Li, Yanan Tang, Zhenying Lin and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Dynamics of Extracellular Traps in Vaginal Dysbiosis Associated withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Antifungal susceptibility profiles ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Dongting YaoDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Xinyu TangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Minghui XueDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Keyu ZhuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Wei LiThe International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Ze ChenThe International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Meng NiThe International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Baihe LiThe International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Yanan TangThe International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Zhenying LinThe International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Chunyu ChengThe International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Yi HuThe International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Xiaorui LiuThe International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Qianqian ZhangThe International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Jiuru ZhaoThe International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
Haiou YangDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China. haiouyang2006@126.com.
Zhiwei LiuThe International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China. liuzhiwei@hotmail.com.

Funding

Medical Science and Technology Talents Support Project of IPMCH (Honghu Plan) HHJH2401the Clinical Research Plan of SHDC SHDC22022303the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University YG2021ZD29the National Key R&D Program of China 2022YFC2702903the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants 82271742the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader 21XD1403700the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project 20Z11900602, 23DZ1203006Three-year Planning for Strengthening the Construction of Public Health System in Shanghai (2023-2025) GWVI-11.2-YQ28
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the correlation between vaginal infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a Chinese obstetric population.

methodsThis study was conducted at the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital in Shanghai from 2021 to 2023. The primary objective was to assess the incidence of various vaginal infections and their associations with preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Data were collected from medical records, with vaginal infection diagnoses confirmed through standard laboratory procedures. This study included women who registered and delivered at our hospital between 2021 and 2023. Strict exclusion criteria were applied to control confounding factors, excluding women with a history of syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, hepatitis virus infection, or non-live birth outcomes. Continuous variables were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, whereas categorical variables were assessed using the Pearson chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Logistic regression analysis was employed for multivariate assessments to determine whether vaginal infections were independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

resultsVaginal infections were significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women with vaginal infections had higher rates of PTB (15.65% vs. 9.16%, P < 0.001), LBW (10.82% vs. 5.93%, P < 0.001), and PPROM (7.41% vs. 5.31%, P < 0.001) compared with their uninfected counterparts. Mixed vaginitis demonstrated a stronger association with these adverse outcomes compared with single infections. The timing of infection during pregnancy emerged as a critical determinant of the risk of adverse outcomes.

conclusionsThe study underscores the critical need for comprehensive screening and management of vaginal infections during pregnancy to improve maternal and neonatal health. Targeted interventions, particularly in the later stages of pregnancy, are essential to mitigate the risks associated with vaginal infections. Future research should focus on developing more effective screening methods and therapeutic strategies to address the specific types of vaginal infections and their effects on pregnancy outcomes.

Indexed as

Pregnancy Complications, InfectiousPregnancy OutcomePremature BirthPremature Rupture of Fetal MembranesAdultChinaFemaleHumansIncidenceInfant, Low Birth WeightInfant, NewbornPregnancyRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsYoung AdultLow birth weightPreterm birthPreterm premature rupture of membranesVaginal microbiotaVaginitis

Identifiers

PMID39966780
PMCPMC11837579

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.