ArticlePediatric research2025
Effect of prenatal antibiotics on breast milk and neonatal IgA and microbiome: a case-control translational study protocol.
Article in Pediatric research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gut microbial IgA coating in infants with traditional farming lifestyle and urban infants with allergic outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Disrupting and restoring protection: maternal antibiotic exposure and neonatal IgA transfer via breastfeeding.Pediatric research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUp to 25-35% of women receive antibiotics (ABX) during pregnancy, but little is known about the consequences on a key mucosal interface such as the mammary gland, and on the development of the neonatal gut's microbiota and IgA. We hypothesize that prenatal ABX negatively affect the immune functionality of mammary gland, the composition of breast milk microbiota, the development of neonatal fecal microbiota and the abundance of neonatal fecal IgA.
methodsCase-control translational cohort study on women and neonates in the presence or absence (N = 41 + 41 pairs) of exposure to prenatal ABX for at least 7 consecutive days after 32 weeks of gestation.
resultsWe will evaluate IgA concentration in breast milk and in neonatal feces up to one year after delivery. We will also evaluate clinical parameters, neurodevelopment and the composition of the IgA-coated and uncoated fractions of breast milk and fecal microbiota by means of magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) coupled with shotgun metagenomics. Finally, we will measure the concentration of the chemokine CCL28 on maternal serum and breast milk, as a marker of activity of the entero-mammary pathway.
conclusionsOur results might support a data-driven evaluation of breast milk immune function in women exposed to prenatal ABX. IMPACT: Breast milk IgA and microbiota are critical to determine the positive effects of breastfeeding in infants. This research protocol will investigate breast milk IgA, microbiota, and the IgA
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