Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39966509›Full record

ArticleNPJ digital medicine2025

Identification of digital twins to guide interpretable AI for diagnosis and prognosis in heart failure.

Feng Gu, Andrew J Meyer, Filip Ježek, Shuangdi Zhang, Tonimarie Catalan, Alexandria Miller, Noah A Schenk, Victoria E Sturgess, Domingo Uceda, Rui Li and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Assessing Quality of Life in Genetic Cardiomyopathies: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
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  6. Article
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  12. The Emerging Role of Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Care: From Imaging to Predictive Analytics.Heart views : the official journal of the Gulf Heart Association · 2026
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Feng GuDepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
Andrew J MeyerDepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
Filip JežekDepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
Shuangdi ZhangDepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
Tonimarie CatalanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
Alexandria MillerDepartment of Cardiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Noah A SchenkDepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
Victoria E SturgessDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
Domingo UcedaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
Rui LiDepartment of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
Emily WittrupDepartment of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
Xinwei HuaDepartment of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
Brian E CarlsonDepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
Yi-Da TangDepartment of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
Farhan RazaDepartment of Medicine-Cardiovascular Disease, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Kayvan NajarianDepartment of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
Scott L HummelDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
Daniel A BeardDepartment of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA. beardda@umich.edu.

Funding

University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR002373 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI ELIZABETH S BURNSIDE, Allan R. Brasier · 2017 to 2026
$75.9M
MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM007863 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI COLLINS, KATHLEEN L. · 1985 to 2024
$38.3M
Institutional Career Development CoreKL2TR002374 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Bo Liu, Marin Leigh Schweizer · 2017 to 2026
$9.7M
Mechanobiological mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart failureR01HL147590 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI CHESLER, NAOMI C · 2020 to 2023
$2.7M
Training Program in Translational Cardiovascular Research and EntrepreneurshipT32HL125242 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI MICHELE, DANIEL E · 2015 to 2024
$1.9M
Multi-Scale Systems Analysis of Metabolic and Mechanical Determinants of Reserve Cardiac Power OutputR01HL173346 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI DANIEL A BEARD · 2024 to 2026
$1.8M
NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR002374NCATS NIH HHS KL2TR002374-07NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002373NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL147590NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL173346NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL125242NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007863NIH HHS 1R01HL173346-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is a highly heterogeneous condition, and current methods struggle to synthesize extensive clinical data for personalized care. Using data from 343 HF patients, we developed mechanistic computational models of the cardiovascular system to create digital twins. These twins, consisting of optimized measurable and unmeasurable parameters alongside simulations of cardiovascular function, provided comprehensive representations of individual disease states. Unsupervised machine learning applied to digital twin-derived features identified interpretable phenogroups and mechanistic drivers of cardiovascular death risk. Incorporating these features into prognostic AI models improved performance, transferability, and interpretability compared to models using only clinical variables. This framework demonstrates potential to enhance prognosis and guide therapy, paving the way for more precise, individualized HF management.

Identifiers

PMID39966509
PMCPMC11836287

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.